UC-NRLF 


B    H    lib    5fi3 


I.I  BRARY 

Ol      Till. 

University  of  California. 

<  t  1 1-  r  of 

Received        CL<^4  lAsaY'        .  i8\ 

Accession  No.&  6f£j~       Class  h 

DfiCUMOflfc 

DEPT. 


tfp 


* 


OVNCIL 


(jty  or 


Bvpfalo 

*  .897.  * 


Compliments  of 

MARK  S.  HUBBELL, 

CITY  CLERK. 


NEWSPAPERS  PLEASE  NOTICE 


in: 


PPIIiiP 

:,  iiiiiiiiiiiliiffTr. 


CITY    AND    COUNTY    HALL. 
(  Delaware  Ave.  Elevation.  I 


OF  THE 


MANUAL 

Common  Council 

CONTAINING 

A  Sketch  of  Buffalo, 


Facts  and  Figures  on  Various   Subjects,    a   List 
Members   of  the   Board   of   Aldermen, 
Councilmen  and  Common  Council, 
constituting  the  Legislative 
Branches  of 

The  City  Government, 


Together  with  a  Full  and  Corrected 
Statement  of  all  Appointments 
and  the  Salaries  of 

Municipal  Officers, 


Details  and  Duties  of  Public  Departments, 
Vote  Required  on  Various  Measures, 
and  full  Data  Relative  to 
Public  Affairs  for 
the  Year 


1897, 


The  Wenborne-Sumner  Company, 

Printers  and  Bookmakers, 
61-69  Carroll  St.,  Buffalo,  N.  Y. 


tjs 


CITY  CLERK'S  OFFICE, 

City  and  County  Hall, 

BUFFALO,  N.  Y. 

TO  WHOM  IT  MAY  CONCERN: 

I  Hereby  Certify,  That  at  a  Session  of  the  Board 
of  Aldermen  of  the  City  of  Buffalo,  held  in  the  City  and 
County  Hall  on  the  1st  day  of  February,  A.  D.  1397,  a 
resolution  ivas  adopted,  of  which  the  following  is  a 
true  copy : 

Alderman  Srnither,  from  the  Committee  on  Finance, 
reported  as  follows : 

Your  Committee  on  Finance,  to  whom  was  referred, 
under  date  of  January  11,  communication  from  Mark  S. 
Hubbell,  City  Clerk,  asking  for  authority  as  to  the  number 
of  copies  of  the  City  Manual  to  be  issued  for  the  year  1S97, 
respectfully  recommend: 

That  the  number  of  said  Manuals  to  be  issued  be  deter- 
mined to  be  10,000,  of  which  number  1,000  to  be  bound  in 
Morocco,  and  the  remainder  in  the  ordinary  style  of 
binding,  as  heretofore. 

Adopted. 

And  that  at  a  Session  of  the  Board  of  Councilmen  <>f 
the  City  of  Buffalo,  held  in  the  City  and  County  Hall,  on 
the  3d  day  of  February,  A.  D.  1807,  the  action  of  the 
Board  of  Aldermen  in  passing  said  resolution  was  duly 
concurred  in. 

And  I  further  certify  that  said  resolution 
submitted  to  liis  Honor,  the  Mayor  of  said  City  of 
Buffalo,  by  ivhom  the  same  teas  approved  on  the 
rth  day  of  February,  1S97. 

ATTEST: 

MARK  8.  HUBBELL,  City  Clerk. 


-Ltrzi 


BUFFALO   HAS   A   PROVEN   POPULATION   OF  389,138. 


CITY   OF   BUFFALO.  5 


CITY   HALL  DIRECTORY. 


General  Office  Hours  in  All  Municipal 
Offices,  8:30  a.  m.  to  4:30  p.  m.,  fixed 
by  ordinance. 

County  Offices  fixed  by  Heads  of  the 
Departments  individually. 


FIRST  FLOOR. 

Room     1 Board  of  Public  Works. 

2 City  Treasurer. 

3 Comptroller. 

4 City  Clerk. 

5 Park  Commissioners. 

6.  Corouers  aud ' ' Press' '  Headquarters. 

7 Superintendent  of  Streets. 

8 Sheriff. 

9 County   Clerk. 

10 Surrogate. 

11 County  Treasurer. 


SECOND  FLOOR. 

Room  12 Ma,y 

"       13 Chief  Engineer 

"       14 Supreme  Court,^.Part  3. 

THE  CHEAPEST  POWER  IN  THE  WORLD  IS  AT  BUFFALO. 


BUFFALO.  THE  FOURTH  COMMERCIAL  CITY  IN  THE  WORLD. 


COMMON   COUNCIL  MANUAL. 


CITY  HALL  DIRECTORY— Continued. 
SECOND  FLOOR, 

Room  15 Assessors. 

11       16 District  Attorney. 

"       17 Grand  Jury. 

"       18 Superior  Court  Chambers. 

"       10 Commissioner  of  Jurors. 

20 County  Judge. 

11       21 County  Court. 

"       22 Supreme  Court,  Part  1. 

"       23 Law  Library. 

"       24.  .Judges'  Private  Consulting  Room. 

"       25 Supreme  Court  Chambers. 

11       26 Supreme  Court,   Special  Term. 

27 Superior  Court  Records. 

THIRD  FLOOR. 

Room  28 Board  of  Councilmen. 

"       29 Board  of  Aldermen. 

30 Court  Juries. 

31 Corporation  Counsel 

32 Supreme  Court,  Equity  Term. 

33 Justices. 

"       34 Supreme  Court,  Part  2. 

11       35 Supervisors. 

86  .Clerk  to  Supervisors. 

37 County  Auditor. 

THE    MOST   CENTRAL  SHIPPING  POINT   IN  THE  COUNTRY. 


BUFFALO   HAS   A   PROVEN   POPULATION   OF  389,138. 


CITY  OF  BUFFALO. 


ANCIENT  HISTORY  OF  BUFFALO. 


ONE  HUNDRED  YEARS  ago  the  site  of 
the  City  of  Buffalo  was  a  small  trading 
post,  or  trappers'  settlement.  In  1795 
one  Baron  La  Rochefoucault  Liancourt  re- 
marked in  memoirs  of  this,  then  primeval, 
region,  that,  ' '  at  the  post  on  Lake  Erie  there 
is  a  small  collection  of  four  or  five  houses. ' ' 
But  the  little  settlement  had  a  future.  By 
the  year  1800  the  Holland  Land  Company 
had  acquired  much  of  the  site  of  the  present 
great  city  by  purchase,  and  in  preparing  to 
lay  it  out  in  town  and  village  lots,  had 
christened  it  ' '  New  Amsterdam, ' '  a  name 
which  mercifully  fell  from  it  like  the  cocoon 
from  the  moth,  before  its  godfather,  the  late 
Joseph  Ellicott,  nicknamed  "The  Bay 
Window, ' '  was  gathered  to  his  fathers  in  a 
better  and  less  divisible  land.  The  surveys 
were  completed  in  1804,  and  the  first  lot,  con- 
taining half  an  acre,  was  sold  for  $135.  The 
young  village  throve,  and  was  duly  incor- 
porated April  2,  1813,  and  on  December  30, 
the  same  year,  was  destroyed  by  British 
troops  and  their  Indian  allies,  who  crossed 
the  river  at  Black    Rock  on  their    errand    of 

THE  CHEAPEST   POWER  IN  THE  WORLD  IS  AT  BUFFALO. 

2 


BUFFALO,  THE  FOURTH  COMMERCIAL  CITY  IN  THE  WORLD. 


8  COMMON   COUNCIL  MANUAL. 


destruction.  But  two  houses  escaped  the 
flames,  and  they  served  as  a  nucleus  around 
which  grew  np  a  colony,  which  in  1832  was 
officially  recognized  as  a  city,  and  duly  incor- 
porated. Thenceforward  it  had  a  healthy, 
but  not  a  phenomenal  growth,  until  about 
the  year  1870,  when  it  began  to  roll  up  cum- 
ulatively astonishing  additions  to  its  popula- 
tion, and  to  give  evidence  of  becoming  some 
day  one  of  the  greatest  commercial  and 
manufacturing  cities  in  the  civilized  world. 
Thar  expectation  has  already  been  realized. 
[ts  growth  between  1880  and  1890  was  like 
compounding  interest  on  money,  and  was  in 
every  way  phenomenal,  and  the  development 
has  continued  until  to-day,  when  it  is  gener 
ally  conceded  that  Buffalo  affords  the  best 
field  for  speculative  enterprises  and  for  manu- 
facturing undertakings  of  any  of  the  cities  of 
its  size  in  the  world.  The  latter  statement 
being  particularly  verified  by  the  fact  that 
Niagara  Falls  is  now  actually  furnish- 
ing the  motive  power  for  the  street  rail- 
ways of  Buffalo,  will  be  at  the  service  of  all 
manufacturers  within  six  months  from  March 
I,  1897,  and  will  give  Buffalo  the  best  ami 
cheapest  power  in  the  world,  unobtainable 
anywhere  else  on  earth. 

THE    MOST   CENTRAL  SHIPPING  POINT   IN  THE  COUNTRY. 


BUFFALO   HAS   A   PROVEN    POPULATION   OF  389,138. 


CITY   OF  BUFFALO. 


THE  HANUAL  OF  1896. 


ONE  of  the  greatest  military  geniuses  of 
the  world,  on  the  burning  sands  of 
Egypt,  exclaimed  to  his  cohorts  :  ' '  Sol- 
diers, from  yonder  pyramids  forty  centuries 
look  down  upon  you, ' '  and  so  it  may  be  said  of 
the  Buffalo  of  to-day — that  upon  her  progress, 
growth  and  achievement  are  fixed  the  eager 
eyes  of  the  scientific  and  financial  Genii  of  this 
world.  It  is  one  of  the  most  rapidly  grow- 
ing cities  in  the  universe.  It  has  swept  to 
the  front,  in  the  procession  of  cities,  with 
giant  strides,  from  a  place  far  in  the  rear,  and 
through  its  enterprise  has  been  achieved  the 
greatest  miracle  of  science — the  subjection  of 
the  power  of  the  Falls  of  Niagara  to  the  uses  of 
mankind,  the  story  of  which  will  be  told  later 
in  these  pages. 

When  the  Manual  of  1896  was  put  forth  it 
opened  wider  the  eyes  of  those  who  received 
it    to  the  great  advantages  of  Buffalo.     They 


THE  CHEAPEST   POWER  IN   THE  WORLD  IS  AT  BUFFALO. 


BUFFALO.  THE  FOURTH  COMMERCIAL  CITY  IN  THE  WORLD. 
10  COMMON  COUNCIL   MANUAL. 

were  claims  which  could  not  be  ignored,  and 
they  shouldered  their  way  to  the  front,  in 
comparison  with  the  claims  of  other  cities  to 
attention,  like  Titans  striding  through  an 
army  of  pigmies,  for  they  showed  among 
other  things  that  the  lake  tonnage  of  this  city 
crowds  closely  that  of  Liverpool,  and  prove  by 
actual  figures  that  Buffalo  is  the  fourth  greatesl 
port  of  entry  and  clearance  on  the  globe. 

The  Manual  of  1800  told  the  story  of 
noble  work  accomplished,  of  splendid  achieve- 
ments consummated,  and  of  greater  under- 
takings and  expectations. 

Tli is  Manual  of  1897  tells  the  story  of  how 
those  expectations  were  realized,  and  offers  to 
thousands  who  are  eagerly  seeking  such  matter 
an  opportunity  to  grasp,  in  condensed  form,  a 
succinct  story  of  development. 

Whenever  great  deeds  are  accomplished 
there  arc  those  who  snarl  thereat  ;  envy,  like 
death,  loves  a  shining  mark,  and  at  the  heels 
of  the  mastiff  of  progress  snarl  ever  the  yelp- 
ing kennels  of  disappointed  ambition  and 
baffled  hope.     Empires  are  like  states,    states 

THE   MOST   CENTRAL  SHIPPING  POINT   IN  THE  COUNTRY. 


BUFFALO  HAS  A   PROVEN   POPULATION  OF  389,138. 


CITY  OF  BUFFALO.  11 


like  cities,  cities  like  villages,  and  villages 
like  individuals  ;  because  the  empire,  the  state, 
the  city  and  the  village  are  ruled  by  coteries 
of  personalities,  reproducing  their  own  like- 
nesses and  mirroring  their  own  vices,  as  well 
as  their  virtues ;  so  cities,  falling  behind  in 
the  procession  of  progress  are  like  envious 
singers  even  in  church  choirs,  who,  while 
chanting  hosaimas  to  the  Almighty,  deprecate 
the  abilities  of  their  betters. 

Strange  that  prosperity,  the  fruit  of  en- 
deavor, incited  by  honorable  ambition,  should 
breed,  instead  of  emulation,  envy  and  abuse ! 
From  Rochester  and  Cleveland  newspapers 
came  vituperation,  and  from  Detroit  silence, 
while  greater  cities,  cast  in  more  splendid 
molds  and  governed  by  more  noble  minds, 
through  their  newspapers,  hailed  the  growth 
of  the  greatest  inland  lake  city  in  the 
United  States,  next  to  Chicago,  with  acclama- 
tion and  praise  ;  and  from  the  Golden  Gate 
of  San  Francisco  came  those  generous  plaudits 
from  the  Examiner  and  Chronicle  of  that  city 

THE  CHEAPEST  POWER  IN  THE  WORLD  IS  AT  BUFFALO. 


PUFFA'.O,  THE  FOURTH  COMMERCIAL  CITY  IN  THE  WORLD. 


12  COMMON  COUNCIL  MANUAL. 

which  are  born  only  in  municipalities  and 
individuals  from  an  assurance  of  their  own 
greatness.  Philadelphia,  New  York,  Balti- 
more, St.  Louis,  all  paid  generous  tribute  to 
the  facts  set  forth  in  the  book  in  question,  and 
so  Buffalo,  having  secured  the  approval  of  the 
great,  can  well  afford  to  smilingly  pursue  the 
tenor  of  its  way  to  that  position  of  proud 
pre-eminence  foretold  by  Nikola  Tesla  on  an 
occasion  to  be  referred  to  later  on,  which 
shall  stamp  it  as  the  greatest  inland  city  in 
fche  world. 


THE    MOST    CENTRAL   SHIPPING  POINT    IN  THE  COUNTRY. 


EDGAR  B.  JEWETT, 
Mayor. 


BUFFALO   HAS   A   PROVEN    POPULATION   OF   389,138. 


CITY  OF  BUFFALO.  15 


THE  BUFFALO  OF  TO=DAY 


Being  a  Chapter  upon  Municipal  Themes,  and 

Narrating  briefly  the  Accomplishment 

of  Great  Achievements. 


,*0  UFFALO  is  already  the  greatest  railroad 
JrtJ  center  in  the  United  States,  and  in- 
cludes more  trackage  than  New  York, 
Chicago  or  St.  Louis. 

Twenty-six  great  railroad  corporations 
operate  their  roads  through  Buffalo;  and  200 
or  more  passenger  trains  enter  and  leave  the 
city  every  day. 

Every  mile  of  trackage  is  a  crystallization, 
into  iron  and  steel,  of  human  faith,  for  men 
do  not  spend  money  heedlessly,  nor  do  soulless 
corporations  lay  tracks  without  having  duly 
measured  and  estimated  the  returns  from  their 
investment. 

Buffalo  had  660  miles  of  railway  trackage  in 
actual  operation  in  1896,  and  the  two  years 
which  have  passed  have  added  many  miles  to 
that  great  aggregate,  an  accurate  statement  of 
which  is  rather  the  work  of  the  statistician 
than  the    generalize!*.       The    railroads   own 


THE  CHEAPEST   POWER  IN   THE  WORLD  IS  AT  BUFFALO. 


BUFfALO,  THE  FOURTH  COMMERCIAL  CITY  IN  THE  WORLD. 


16  COMMON   COUNCIL  MANUAL. 


nearly  4,000  acres  of  land  within  the  city 
limits,  and  man}'  of  them  have  Buffalo  as 
their  terminal  point,  connecting  here  with 
trunk  lines  for  the  West  or  East.  It  is  here 
that  the  ore,  mined  in  the  region  about  Lake 
Superior  and  in  the  western  country,  passes  on 
its  way  to  the  foundries  and  smelting  works  ; 
and  the  coal  products  of  Pennsylvania,  west 
ward]  hound,  pass  the  western  cargoes  going 
Easr. 

Buffalo  is  an  exchange  point  for  more  trades 
and  traffic  than  any  other  city  in  the  world, 
and  it  may  be  stated  as  a  demonstrable  tact 
that  its  average  yearly  business  in  live  s(oek 
alone  amounts  to  over  7,600,000  head; 
and  it  is  estimated  that  7,360,000  net 
tons  of  coal  come  to  Buffalo  as  an  exchange 
and  distributing  point  every  year.  It  may 
thus  be  justly  regarded  as  a  central  and  head- 
quarters point  for  the  coal,  the  lumber,  live 
stoci  and  railroad  interests  of  the  country. 
It  is  the  largest  sheep  and  horse  market  in 
tin-  world. 

RAPID  INTER-URBAN  TRANSIT. 

There  arc  L60  miles  of  street  railway  in  the 

City  of  Buffalo,  and  it    has  been   promised 

that   80  miles  more,  opening   new    territory, 

will  be  built  this  year  by  a   "new"  company. 


THE   MOST  CENTRAL  SHIPPING  POINT   IN  THE  COUNTRY. 


BUFFALO   HAS   A   PROVEN   POPULATION   OF  389,138. 


CITY   OF  BUFFALO.  17 

The  Buffalo  Railway  Company,  which  operates 
all  Buffalo  surface  railways  except  the  Niagara 
Falls  line,  which  runs  over  its  tracks  m 
the  city  limits,  is  composed  of  capital- 
ists in  Buffalo,  Philadelphia,  New  York  and 
other  leading  cities,  whose  names  are  them- 
selves potent  factors  in  the  world  of  finance. 

This  company  operates  about  550  cars,  em- 
ploys between  1,800  and  2,000  men,  paying, 
it  is  said,  as  high  wages  as  are  paid  street 
railway  employes  anywhere  in  the  country. 

There  is  not  now  a  single  street  car  drawn 
by  horses  within  the  42  square  miles  of  Buffalo. 
The  most  perfect  transfer  system  in  the  world 
is  used  here.  A  single  fare  of  five  cents  is 
charged,  carrying  with  it  the  privilege  of 
transferring  in  any  one  continuous  direction, 
over  any  number  of  lines,  a  privilege  which 
may  be,  and  often  is  taken  advantage  of,  so 
that  a  passenger  with  five  cents  can  travel 
between  ten  and  twelve  miles,  from  one  city 
line  to  the  other.  Cars  are  heated  by  electric- 
ity, represent  a  safe  and  satisfactory  average  of 
rapid  transit,  run  on  most  lines  all  nignt,  and 
on  all  lines  at  very  frequent  intervals. 

Accidents  are  infrequent,  and  the  front  of 
every  car  is  equipped  with  a  life-saving 
device,  consisting  of  an  iron  frame,  filled  in 


THE  CHEAPEST  POWER  IN  THE  WORLD  IS  AT  BUFFALO. 


BUFFALO.  THE  FOURTH  COMMERCIAL  CITY  IN  THE  WORLD. 


18  COMMON  COUNCIL  MANUAL. 


with  rope  netting,  which  has  already  many 
times  demonstrated  its  usefulness. 

The  father  of  the  Buffalo  street  railway 
system  Mas  Stephen  Van  Rensselaer  Watson. 
and  the  family  name  of  that  public  spirited 
and  esteemed  citizen  has  become  synonymous 
with  excellence  in  street  railroad  circles.  The 
roads,  when  they  were  re-organized  by  the 
present  syndicate,  some  years  ago,  recognized 
this  by  electing  Henry  M.  Watson,  formerly 
of  Gov.  Cornell's  staff,  and  a  prominent  and 
energetic  Bnffalonian,  to  a  position  of  high 
trust  in  its  management.  To  his  rare  execu- 
tive ability  and  to  his  wisdom' in  the  choice  of 
his  subordinates  is  due  the  thanks  of  the  com- 
munity for  the  excellent  service  it  now  enjoys. 
He  spared  no  expense  in  importing  from  other 
cities  capable  assistants  who  could  be  depend- 
ed upon  to  carry  out  his  ideas, and  the  results 
of  bis  superior  management  are  abundantly 
manifest 

The  gross  earnings  of  the  Buffalo    Railway 
Co.,    for   the    quarter   ending   December    8, 

L896,  ^is  reported  by  the  Company,  were 
1887,900;  net  earnings,  xi70,702;  other  in- 
come,   |6,000;   tixed    charges,   |108,024;    nel 

i  n  come,  $f>8, 677  ;  same  quarter  of  las!  year, nel 

income,  178,806. 


THE   MOST   CENTRAL  SHIPPING  POINT   IN  THE  COUNTRY. 


BUFFALO   HAS   A   PROVEN    POPULATION   OF   389,138. 


CITY  OF  BUFFALO.  19 


The  percentage  paid  the  city,  last  year,  on 
the  company's  gross  receipts  was  $45,013.74, 
as  against  $39,013.07  in  1895. 

This  company  carried  in  1890,  53,303,789 
passengers  as  against  44,904,009  in  1895,  and 
this  remarkable  showing  of  transportation 
afforded  is  made  more  remarkable  by  the  fact 
that  there  are  at  least  50, 000,  and  by  many 
competent  judges  estimated  00,000,  bicycles 
in  the  City  of  Buffalo,  of  which  probably 
two-thirds  are  used  as  practical  vehicles  of 
transportation  from  the  homes  of  the  owners 
to  their  offices  during  at  least  eight  months 
of  the  year,  thus  seriously  cutting  into  the 
business  and  income  of  the  street  railway 
companies. 

A  new  company,  christened  tne  Buffalo 
Traction  Company,  and  promising  "competi- 
tion, ' '  obtained  a  franchise  from  the  Common 
Council  in  1890,  and  under  this  franchise  it  is 
expected  some  30  miles  of  track  will  be  laid 
this  year. 

TO   NIAGARA  FALLS  BY  TROLLEY. 

Two  years  ago,  the  Buffalo  &  Niagara  Falls 
Electric  Railway  sprang  into  existence,  backed 
by  large  capital  in  the  control  of  able  and  far- 
seeing  business  men.  They  built  a  throughly 
ballasted  railroad,  capable  of  carrying  on    its 

THE  CHEAPEST   POWER  IN  THE  WORLD  IS  AT  BUFFALO. 


BUFFALO,  THE  FOURTH  COMMERCIAL  CITY  IN  THE  WORLD. 


20  COMMON   COUNCIL  MANUAL. 


rails  any  steam  railroad  train,  from  Buffalo 
to  Niagara  Falls,  and  despite  the  prophecies  of 
those  who  believed  the  enterprise  would  not 
pay,  this  excellent  line,  summer  and  winter, 
is  operated  at  a  big  margin  of  profit.  Its  oars 
are  arranged  like  the  steam  railway  ooaches, 
haying  observation  and  smoking  apartments, 
and  are  heated  and  lighted  by  electricity.  A 
trip  to  the  Falls,  over  this  line,  gives  the 
traveler  an  idea  of  the  territory  lying  between 
here  and  the  great  cataract,  and  the  manifest 
destiny  of  all  this  tract  of  land  is  to,  one  day, 
form  a  continuous  built-up  city  connecting 
Buffalo  and  Niagara  Falls. 

It  has  been  justly  alleged  of  Buffalo  that  its 
eminence  as  a  manufacturing  city  is  assured, 
and  it  has  already  been  called  with  much 
reasonable  analogy  "The  Manchester  of  the 
New  World,  "  but  the  original  Manchester  has 
no  such  bright  future  ahead  of  it  as  its  name- 
sake. The  latter,  already  one  of  the  greatest 
industrial  cities  of  the  country,  manufactures 
among  other  important  commercial  products, 
mammoth  steel  and  iron  steamships,  marine 
boilers  and  engines,  locomotives,  Wagner 
palace  cars,  agricultural  implements,  milling 
machinery,  flour,  wall  paper,  iron  bridge 
work,     cast     iron    pipe,     brick,     lithographic 

THE   MOST   CENTRAL  SHIPPING  POINT   IN  THE  COUNTRY. 


BUFFALO  HAS  A  PROVEN   POPULATION  OF  389,138. 


CITY   OF  BUFFALO.  21 


work,  soap,  starch,  printing  ink,  patent  medi- 
cines, fertilizers,  illuminating  and  lubricating 
oils,  and  has  scale  works,  smelting  works  and 
foundries  among  its  industries. 

WORKING  FOR  UNCLE  SAM. 

A  case  in  point :  When  the  national  govern- 
ment wanted  steel  barbettes  made  for  its 
splendid  cruisers,  it  had  to  come  to  Buffalo  as 
the  only  city  in  the  country  possessing  engi- 
neering facilities  to  supply  its  wants.  These 
are  but  a  few  Buffalo  industries  incidentally 
mentioned,  out  of  the  many.  All  the  sunny 
grain  sheaves  of  the  prairie,  all  the  shining 
pyrites  of  the  mines,  all  the  varied  products 
of  the  Northwest,  grow  and  are  developed, 
garnered,  mined  or  harvested  to  some  day 
find  their  way  to  this  city,  either  here  to  be 
converted  to  the  uses  of  mankind,  to  pass 
through  here  to  the  eastern  markets,  or  hence 
to  find  their  way  by  ship-board  to  Europe. 
The  destiny  of  at  least  some  out  of  every  herd 
of  cattle  in  every  "round-up"  by  western 
cowboys  is  to  pass  through  Buffalo  on  the 
hoof  or  in  refrigerator  cars  as  merchantable 
commodities.  A  writer  in  the  New  York 
Tribune  stated  two  years  ago,  reviewing  the 
situation,  that  he  saw  no  reason  why  Buffalo, 
with  its  tremendous  natural  advantages    and 

THE  CHEAPEST   POWER  IN  THE  WORLD  IS  AT  BUFFALO. 


BUFFALO,  THE  FOURTH  COMMERCIAL  CITY  IN  THE  WORLD. 


22  COMMON  COUNCIL  MANUAL. 


resources,  should  not  one  day  be  the  metropolis 
of  America.  And  what  mammoth  strides  haw 
been  made  since  then.  And  what  still  niorc 
splendid  prophecies  as  to  her  future  have  since 
been  made  by  lips  almost  inspired  and  by  men 
who  weigh  with  careful  exactitude  the  conse- 
quences of  each  word  they  utter. 

And  while  the  railroads  and  steamboats 
have,  almost  literally,  on  the  pilots  of  their 
engines  and  the  prows  of  their  great  steel 
propellers,  pushed  Buff  alo  up  to  greatness,  they 
have  at  the  same  time  made  null  the  prophecy 
of  the  croakers,  who,  with  eyes  turned  con- 
stantly upon  the  past,  averred  that  railroad 
development  meant  death  to  the  Lake  and 
Canal  carrying  trade:  the  Lake  interests  grew 
greater  and  the  amounts  invested  in  floating 
property  more  enormous.  The  dawn  of  1896 
saw  the  launching  of  Leviathans  of  Bteel, 
rivalling  in  tonnage  capacity,  in  size  and 
beauty,  the  "gray-hounds"  of  the  Beas;  and 
in  line  with  the  State  improvement  of  the  Erie 
(anal  to  meet  an  increased  volume  of  com- 
merce, the  federal  authorities  have  awakened 
to  tlif  tact  that  this  is  a  city  the  development 
of  which  is    not    to    be    arrested    and    whose 

demands  for  public  expenditure  arc  based 
upon  the  soundest  public  polity. 

THE   MOST   CENTRAL  SHIPPING  POINT   IN  THE  COUNTRY. 


BUFFALO   HAS   A   PROVEN   POPULATION   OF  889,138. 


CITY   OF  BUFFALO.  2o 

A  FOUR-MILLION  DOLLAR  BREAKWATER. 

Ill  January,  1896,  the  Congressional  Com- 
mittee on  Rivers  and  Harbors,  listened  for 
nearly  two  hours  to  arguments  made  before  its 
members  by  a  large  delegation  of  Buffaloni- 
ans,  and  finally  reported  to  the  Congress  of 
the  United  States  a  bill,  recommending  the 
expenditure,  in  this  city,  for  the  improve- 
ment of  its  breakwater  facilities,  upon  the 
continuous  contract  plan,  of  $4,000,000,  in 
money.  The  contract  for  this  work  has  now 
been  signed,  and  with  the  breaking  of  the 
winter  the  labors  thereon  will  be  at  once  be- 
gun and  steadily  prosecuted  until  completion. 

But  this  is  slow  work,  to  be  accomplished 
in  defiance  of  winds  and  angry  waters,  aiid 
time  must  pass  before  this  end  is  reached. 

True,  Grover  Cleveland's  last  official  act  was 
to  veto  the  appropriation  bill  providing  for 
the  completion  of  the  new  Post  Office,  and  the 
harbor  improvement  of  Buffalo,  but  a  Repub- 
lican Congress  will  re-enact  the  bill  and  a 
Republican  President  will  sign  it,  and  the  Post 
Office  building  will  be  finished  and  the  har- 
bor improvements  carried  to  completion. 

When  that  great  public  work  is  con- 
summated Buffalo  will  have  one  of  the 
noblest    and     one     of     the    largest    harbors 


THE  CHEAPEST   POWER  IN   THE  WORLD  IS  AT  BUFFALO. 


BUFFALO.  THE  FOURTH  COMMERCIAL  CITY  IN  THE  WORLD. 


24  COMMON   COUNCIL  MANUAL. 

in  the  world,  and  there  will  spring  from 
this  appropriation  of  Congress  the  in- 
ception of  a  splendid  system  of  municipal 
dockage,  plans  for  which  have  already  been 
conceived  and  only  await  the  opportunity  to 
he  put  into  active  execution.  From  the  old 
light-honse  at  the  mouth  of  the  inner  harbor 
to  a  point  four  miles  toward  the  south  shore  of 
Lake  Erie,  as  the  crow  flics,  is  a  noble  stretch 
of  water  washing  the  beach,  where  Lake  Erie 
curves  to  turn  southward.  This  has  been  but 
partially  protected  by  a  mile  and  a  quarter  of 
breakwater,  built  by  the  United  statrs  gov- 
ernment some  years  ago  and  never  perfectly 
completed. 

The  system  of  breakwaters  which  the  gov- 
ernment  lias  undertaken  to  construct,  will 
consist  of  three  substantial  structures, echelon- 
ed one  after  the  other  and  as  in  a  procession, 
except  that  the  ends  of  each,  starting  from 
the  end  of  the  present  breakwater  will  overlap 
eaeli  other,  with  a  distance  of  hall'  a  mile  be- 
tween each  end.  This  will  afford  perfect  protec- 
tion against  the  driving  waves,  allowing  none 
of  them  to  enter  directly  into  the  space  en- 
closed, but  at  the  Bame  time  giving  the  water 
from  the  Lake  an  easy  flow  into  the  harbor. 

From  the  shore,    sheltered  by  these  niam- 


THE   MOST   CENTRAL  SHIPPING  POINT   IN  THE  COUNTRY. 


BUFFALO   HAS  A   PROVEN   POPULATION   OF  389,138- 


CITY   OF  BUFFALO.  25 


moth  dikes,  the  docks  of  Buffalo,  which  may 
rival  the  famous  docks  of  Liverpool,  will  be 
built,  and  in  the  space  enclosed  could  be  har- 
bored the  navies  of  the  world. 

THE  LARGEST  OFFICE  BUILDING  IN  THE   WORLD. 

A  word  in  passing,  concerning  Ellicott 
Square.  This  superb  structure  occupies  one 
of  the  largest  blocks  on  Main  street,  extending 
through  to  Washington  street,  and  bounded  on 
the  north  by  South  Division  street,  and  on 
the  south  by  Swan  street ;  it  is  ten  stories 
high,  and  contains  447, 000  square  feet  of  floor 
space ;  the  decorations  are  in  Italian  marble, 
marble  mosaic  and  ornamental  iron  ;  the  finish 
is  quarter-sawed  red  oak.  The  building  is  heat- 
ed by  the  overhead  steam  system  ;  it  contains  40 
stores,  16  banking  offices  and  counting  rooms, 
and  600  offices ;  it  is  144  feet  high,  has  15  hy- 
draulic passenger  elevators,  of  the  Otis  pattern  ; 
its  frame  is  of  steel,  weighing  5, 550  tons ;  the 
exterior  construction  is  of  pressed  brick  and 
terra  cotta,  and  the  foundation  of  steel  and 
concrete,  extending  19  feet  below  grade. 
The  cost  of  the  site  and  building  was  about 
$3,350,000,  and  the  first  and  second  mortgage 
bonds  thereon  were  bought  by  Kidder,  Peabody 
&  Co. ,  of  Boston.  As  the  offices  are  largely 
occupied  by  members  of  the  legal   profession, 

THE  CHEAPEST  POWER  IN  THE  WORLD  IS  AT  BUFFALO. 


BUFFALO.  THE  FOURTH  COMMERCIAL  CITY  IN  THE  WORLD. 


COMMON  COUNCIL  MANUAL. 


a  first -rate  law  library  is  one  of  the  con- 
veniences  in  this  great  building.  The  tenants 
housed  therein  constitute  a  world  in  them- 
selves,  and  those  working  beneath  its  roof 
would  easily  equal  the  population  of  many  a 
little  city.  It  is  interesting  to  note  regard- 
ing this  great  structure,  that,  from  the 
time  the  first  pick  was  put  on  the  roof  of  one 
of  the  old  buildings,  on  Main  street,  prelimi- 
nary to  clearing  the  ground  for  excavation, 
until  the  last  finishing  touch  was  added  to 
the  new  building,  was  just  one  year. 

THE  MIGHTY  VOICE   OF   LABOR. 

It  was  stated  before  a  Common  Council  Com- 
mittee, within  a  few  weeks,  by  a  leader  of 
labor  organizations  and  one  who  ought  to 
know  whereof  he  spoke,  that  26,000  votes  were 
cast  in  Buffalo,  on  Nov.  3,  by  members  of 
labor  organizations,  showing  that  one-third  of 
Buffalo's  voting  population  belongs  to  the 
brawny  hordes  of  honest  toil,  for  65,692  was 
the  total  number  of  votes  cast,  in  i  his  city,  on 
thai  date.     And  while  perfectly  organised  for 

self-protection,  and.  in  instances,  for  aggres- 
sion, this  great  army  of  organized  toilers  has, 
.is  ;i  rule,  had  judicious  leaders,    who  politely 

asked  before  fchey  demanded,  and  who  have 
usually,  through  considerate  and  conservative 

THE   MOST   CENTRAL  SHIPPING  POINT   IN  THE  COUNTRY. 


BUFFALO   HAS   A   PROVEN   POPULATION  OF  389,138. 
CITY   OF  BUFFALO.  27 

efforts,  secured  fair  play  for  their  followers 
without  trenching  or  imposing  upon  the 
rights  of  the  employers.  The  few  great 
strikes  which  Buffalo  has  had  have  been 
railroad  strikes,  incited  from  without  and 
carried  forward  by  the  indefatigable  efforts  of 
non-resident  "organizers,"  which  is  men- 
tioned to  show  that  Buffalo's  wage -workers 
are  not  of  the  class  that  strike  and  agitate 
willfully  or  habitually. 

WAGE-WORKERS  OWN  THEIR  HOMES. 

And  there  is  a  reason  for  this,  which  lies 
in  the  fact  that  Buffalo,  through  the  healthful 
influence  of  its  savings  and  loan  associations, 
movements  which  began  here  nearly  a  quar- 
ter of  a  century  ago  and  have  been  growing 
ever  since,  is  a  city  of  homes ;  and  through 
these  associations  the  workingman,  by  paying 
a  very  small  amount  per  week,  is  enabled  to 
purchase  and  finally  totally  acquire  a  roof 
over  his  head  and  a  habitation  for  his  family, 
which  he  can  call  his  own.  Strikes  injure 
property  interests,  and  property  owners  do  not 
like  strikes,  for  they  increase  taxation ;  and 
the  Buffalo  workingman,  owning  his  own 
home  and  being  to  that  extend  a  landed  pro- 
prietor opposes    anything    that     will     tend 

THE  CHEAPEST   POWER  IN  THE  WORLD  IS  AT  BUFFALO. 


BUFFALO,  THE  FOURTH  COMMERCIAL  CITY  IN  THE  WORLD. 


COMMON  COUNCIL  MANUAL. 


in  the  direction  of  curtailing  the  opportunities 
of  labor,  disturbing  the  conditions  of  trade  and 
increasing  the  amount  to  be  raised  by  taxa- 
tion. 

WE  AND  OUR  NEIGHBORS. 

It  is  but  a  question  of  a  few  months  before 
Tonawanda  will  be  a  city  ward,  and  take  its 
rightful  place  as  a  section  of  Greater  Buffalo. 

A  bill  is  at  this  writing  before  the  Legisla- 
ture to  take  into  the  city  limits  Buffalo's 
near  neighbor  on  the  north  ;  this  will  include 
Keninore,  a  prosperous  little  settlement  just 
across  the  present  city  line  and  through  which 
runs  the  brick-paved  boulevard,  100  feet  wide, 
which  connects  the  city  with  the  town.  An- 
nexation will  add  to  the  population  of  Buffalo 
about  12,000  people,  and  will  be  the  first  ex- 
tension of  the  city  limits  accomplished  in 
over  40  years.  The  result  should  be  mutually 
satisfactory,  and  so  far  as  the  rate-payers  in 
Tonawanda  are  concerned  it  will  materially 
lighten  their  burden  of  taxation,  while  giving 
them  tlie  advantage  of  city  life.  Buffalo's 
tax  rate  is  materially  less  than  Tonawanda's 
per  1,000  of  valuation.  The  beneiit  to  the 
townsmen  of  annexation  is  more  easily  demon- 
strable than  the  benefit  to  tlie  citizens. 


THE   MOST   CENTRAL  SHIPPING  POINT   IN  THE  COUNTRY. 


BUFFALO  HAS  A  PROVEN   POPULATION  OF  389,138. 


CITY   OF  BUFFALO.  29 


But  Buffalo  and  Tonawanda  are  already  one 
except  in  name.  A  boy  in  the  second-story 
window  of  the  last  house  in  Buffalo  could 
send  a  projectile,  which,  aimed  properly, 
would  break  a  windowpane  in  the  nearest 
house  in  Tonawanda.  Taking  their  business 
together,  these  places  constitute  the  largest 
lumber  trade  center  in  the  world. 

BANKING  CAPITAL  LARGELY   INCREASED. 

Eighteen  banks  of  deposit  and  discount,  five 
savings  banks  and  two  trust  companies  are 
doing  business  in  Buffalo.  The  total  capital 
represented  amounts  to  $5, 550, 000  ;  the  total 
surplus  and  undivided  profits  is  $4,251,570; 
and  the  total  deposits  aggregate  $34,987,360, 
making  the  total  resources  $45,464,234. 
These  figures  were  obtained  from  officers 
of  the  Buffalo  Clearing  House.  They  were 
compiled  from  the  December,  1896,  statement 
of  18  discount  banks,  and  January,  1897,  state- 
ment of  two  trust  companies. 

The  Clearing  House  was  established  on 
April  1,  1889,  and  during  the  time  that  has 
since  elapsed  there  has  been  a  marked  increase 
in  the  number  of  banks,  in  the  amount  of  re- 
sources and  in  the  general  banking  business. 
When  the    Clearing    House    was  established 

THE  CHEAPEST   POWER  IN  THE  WORLD  IS  AT  BUFFALO. 


BUFFALO,  THE  FOURTH  COMMERCIAL  CITY  IN  THE  WORLD. 


30  COMMON   COUNCIL  MANUAL. 

there  were  but  13  banks  in  the  city  with  ;i 
total  capital  of  $3,050,000;  surplus  and  un- 
divided profits  $2,500,000;  deposits  $22,400,  - 
000;  and  total  resources  |28,550,000. 
During  the  year  1896  the  Clearing  House 
showed  clearings  amounting  to  .-s-jl'.i,  lun.f.-O',, 
and  balances  of  $88,635,899. 

NATURAL  GAS  FOR  FUEL. 

Natural  gas,  since  1886,  has  been  a  standard 
article  of  fuel ;  it  averages  favorably,  for 
household  use,  with  coal,  in  cost,  and  is  an 
avoidance  of  dirt  and  an  euormous  saving  of 
labor  to  the  householders.  There  are  over  J 00 
miles  of  pipe  laid  through  the  City,  by  which 
this  modern  convenience  is  conveyed.  It  is 
piped  here  from  various  points  in  Pennsyl- 
van  and  Panada,  new  wells  being  constantly 
added  to  the  central  supply,  so  that  the  pre- 
dicted exhaustion  of  this  unequalled  fuel  will 
hardly  come  to  pass  in  this  day  and  genera- 
tion. 

LIBERAL  PUBLIC   POLICY. 

The  municipal  government  is  at  all  times  a 
Liberal  ona  It  fosters  enterprise  and  en- 
courages the  advent  of  a  stranger.  Its  un- 
written policy  has  always  been  founded  upon 

the  lines  indicated  by  the  great  statesman 
THE   MOST   CENTRAL  SHIPPING  POINT    IN  THE  COUNTRY. 


BUFFALO   HAS   A   PROVEN   POPULATION   OF  389,138. 
CITY   OF  BUFFALO.  31 

who  wrote  :  ' '  That  governs  best  which  governs 
least".  No  income  is  derived  by  the  munici- 
pality from  many  lines  of  industry  heavily 
taxed  in  other  places.  Unreasonable  sump- 
tuary laws  are  not  enforced  by  the  police  au- 
thorities, and  such  regulations  alone  are  opera- 
tive as  secure  paternally  the  greatest  good  to 
the  greatest  number. 

THE   CITY   GOVERNMENT. 

The  city  works  under  a  Revised  Chart*  r. 
which  became  a  law  in  1892.  It  was  framed 
by  a  committee  of  citizens  representing  the 
best  of  Buffalo's  business,  social  and  political 
life.  This  model  instrument  provides  for  a 
Board  of  Aldermen,  comprised  of  25  repre- 
sentatives, one  from  each  of  the  25  wards  (as 
the  city  grows  and  adds  wards  to  its  popula- 
tion each  will  be  entitled  to  a  representativ< 
to  take  his  place  in  the  Board).  This  body 
originates  all  legislation  in  the  city  govern- 
ment. All  action  taken  thereby  is  inopera- 
tive unless  approved  by  the  Board  of  Council  - 
men,  made  up  of  nine  men  elected  on  a  general 
ticket.  This  body  does  not  originate  legisla- 
tion, but  is  distinctively  a  board  of  review, 
and  above  and  beyond  it  stands  the  Chief  Ex- 
ecutive,   the    Mayor.     Matters    passing   both 


THE  CHEAPEST  POWER  IN  THE  WORLD  IS  AT  BUFFALO. 


BUFFALO.  THE  FOURTH  COMMERCIAL  CITY  IN  THE  WORLD. 
32  COMMON   COUNCIL   MANUAL. 

boards  and  reaching  him  may  be  defeated  at 
his  hands  by  the  interposition  of  a  veto. 
This,  however,  may  be  over-ridden  by  18 
votes  of  the  "  Lower  House, "  or  Board  of 
Aldermen,  and  seven  votes  of  the  %l  Upper 
house,  "  or  Board  of  Couneilmen,  when  it  be- 
comes operative,  notwithstanding  the  oppo- 
sition of  His  Honor,  the  Mayor. 

The  new  Constitution  of  the  State  of  New 
York,  framed  by  the  Constitution  Convention 
of  1804,  did  away  with  the  admixture  of  State, 
national  and  local  polities,  by  SO  amending  the 
Charter  of  the  city  that  municipal  officers 
must  be  chosen  at  separate  elections,  and  pro- 
viding for  a  two-year  term  of  service  of  Alder- 
men after  the  inauguration  of  the  new  system 
so  framed  should  have  been  completed.  Under 
this  it  became  necessary  in  L894  to  elect  all 
Aldermen  for  three-year  terms;  Aldermen 
elected  in  1895  will  serve  two  years,  and  an  en- 
tirely new  board  will  be  elected  in  !*'.»?,  taking 
Office  on  January  1,  lSDX,  to  serve  two  years 
each. 

The  Legislature  amended  the  Charter  so  as 
to  provide  for  the  election  <>t'  three  ( Jouncilmen 
in  1896  to  serve  tor  tour  years,  and  it  was  also 
enacted  "that  six  Couneilmen  shall  be  elected 

in  L897,  and  they  shall  i » i « -« ■  t  before  the  end  of 

THE   MOST  CENTRAL  SHIPPING  POINT   IN  THE  COUNTRY. 


BUFFALO   HAS   A   PROVEN   POPULATION   OF  389,138. 
CITY   OF  BUFFALO.  33 

the  year,  at  a  time  and  place  to  be  designated 
by  the  Mayor,  and  determine  by  lot,  two  of 
their  number  to  hold  office  for  two  years,  and 
shall  certify  in  writing  to  the  City  Clerk  their 
determination.  The  term  of  office  of  the 
Councilmen  elected  in  1897,  and  so  certified, 
shall  be  two  years  and  the  others  shall  be  four 
years. ' '  At  the  annual  election  held  in  odd 
numbered  years  thereafter  ''it  is  provided 
there  shall  be  elected  alternately  five  and  four 
Councilmen  for  the  term  of  four  years, ' '  and 
the  terms  of  other  city  officers  also  expire  with 
the  end  of  the  odd-numbered  years,  successors 
to  be  elected  the  preceding-  fall. 

And  thus  the  machinery  of  the  new  consti- 
tution has  been  perfected  and  set  in  motion  so 
that  all  city  offices  to  become  vacant  will  be 
filled  by  election  in  odd  numbered  years,  no 
municipal  election  occurring  hereafter  at  the 
same  time  as  elections  for  State  or  other 
offices. 

CAREFUL  CONTROL  OF  PUBLIC  MONEY. 

The  fiscal  affairs  of  the  city  are  governed 
and  administered  by  a  Comptroller  and  City 
Treasurer.  No  General  Fund  indebtedness, 
however,  can  be  incurred  without  a  two-thirds 
vote  in  both  legislative  bodies  and  the  approval 

THE  CHEAPEST   POWER  IN   THE  WORLD  IS  AT  BUFFALO. 


BUFFALO.  THE  FOURTH  COMMERCIAL  CITY  IN  THE  WORLD. 


34  COMMON   COUNCIL  MANUAL. 


of  His  Honor,  the  Mayor.  Buffalo's  munici- 
pal debt  is  small  as  compared  with  other 
cities,  and  its  tax  rate  low  in  comparison  with 
its  assessed  valuation.  Facts  and  figures  will 
be  found  tersely  stated  upon  another  page, 
showing  in  a  brief  and  available  form  the 
advantages  of  Buffalo  in  these  and  other  re- 
gards from  many  points  of  view. 

TEACHING  THE  YOUNG  IDEA. 

Buffalo  has  a  most  efficient  system  of  public 
instruction.  It  has  GO  public  schools,  which  in- 
clude two  high  schools,  one  on  the  east,  the 
other  on  the  west  side  of  the  city,  with  a  total 
enrollment  for  the  year  1896  of  52, 157  pupils,  an 
increase  of  5,492  over  the  previous  year,  the 
largest  increase  ever  recorded,  an  indication 
that  the  public  schools  are  growing  in  favor 
and  have  the  confidence  of  the  community.  Tin- 
number  of  children  attending  all  other  Bchools 
is  19,082,  making  a  total  school  registration 
of  71, 239.  The  attendance  at  the  Buffalo  High 
School  has  increased  from  IJOO  pupils  in  1888 
to  -',000  in  1800. 

Through  the  grades  of  the  grammar  schools 
and  the  High  School  curriculum  the  child 
of  the  poorest  parents  may  sue. -ess  fully 
progress    until    he    or    she    is    in    every   way 

THE    MOST   CENTRAL  SHIPPING  POINT    IN  THE  COUNTRY. 


BUFFALO  HAS   A   PROVEN   POPULATION   OF  389,138. 
CITY   OF  BUFFALO.  35 

equipped  to  enter  the  freshman  class  of  any  of 
the  great  universities  of  the  country.  Grad- 
uates from  the  Buffalo  High  school  have  suc- 
cessfully prosecuted  courses  at  Heidelburg 
and  Oxford,  and  found  it  easy  to  compete  with 
pupils  turned  out  as  finished  from  any  of  the 
famous  schools  of  the  old  world. 

Within  the  last  few  years,  a  better  and  more 
systematic  course  of  training  in  civil  govern- 
ment has  been  introduced  into  the  schools. 
In  the  primary  grades,  without  sacrifice  of 
thoroughness  in  ' '  the  three  R's, ' '  preliminary 
instruction  in  literature  and  science  is  given 
to  the  children  in  attractive  form,  thus  teach- 
ing them  as  early  as  possible  to  recognize  the 
beautiful  in  literature  and  to  know  something 
at  least  of  the  living,  growing  world  as  it 
really  is. 

The  appointment  of  a  woman  three  years 
ago  to  supervise  the  work  done  in  the  primary 
grades  proved  such  a  success  that  a  man  has 
recently  been  appointed  to  do  similar  work  in 
the  grammar  grades.  An  improvement  of 
method  and  a  greater  unity  of  purpose  among 
the  teachers  is  the  result. 

MANUAL  TRAINING  AND  SEWING. 

Among  the  recent  improvements  in  the 
public  schools  is  the  introduction  of    manual 


THE   CHEAPEST   POWER  IN   THE  WORLD  IS  AT  BUFFALO. 


BUFFALO,  THE  FOURTH  COMMERCIAL  CITY  IN  THE  WORLD. 
36  COMMON   COMMON   MANUAL. 

training.  Two  fully  equipped  manual  train- 
ing rooms  are  in  operation,  one  at  No.  31, 
a  representative  east  side  school,  and  the  other 
at  No.  51  on  the  west  side,  tending  to  the 
same  end  but  at  a  less  cost.  Sloyd  or  simple 
knife  work  1ms  been  introduced  into  some 
other  schools,  and  always  with  satisfactory  re- 
sults. Sewing  as  a  part  of  the  regular  school 
course  is  no  longer  an  experiment,  and  Bowing 
classes  have  been  organized  in  all  the  largest 
schools  of  the  city  under  the  instruction  of 
four  competent  teachers.  The  city  pay-  in 
kindergartners,  who  work  under  the  auspices 
of  the  free  kindergarten  association. 

With  the  co-operation  of  factory  inspectors 

and  the  health  department,  more  has  been  done 
fco  break  up  truancy  than  ever  before,  Buffalo 
is  to  have  its  long  talked  of  Truant  School. 
An  unoccupied  school  house  on  Dole  Btreethas 
been  fitted  up  and  will  he  ready  for  use  this 
year.  This  school  for  truants  is  needed  to 
give  backbone  to  the  compulsory  education 
system. 
Another  school  established  under  the  city  is 

the  training  school  for  teachers,  which  holds 
its  sessions  in  public  school  No.  10.  It  has 
40  pupils  and  two  instructors.  Miss  Catherine 
Hurlburt,   the  principal,  is  a  woman  of  large 

THF    MOST   CENTRAL  SHIPPING  POINT   IN  THE  COUNTRY. 


BUFFALO   HAS   A   PROVEN   POPULATION   OF  389,138. 


CITY  OF  BUFFALO.  37 

and  varied  experience  in  the  work  of  training 
young  teachers ;  for  the  betterment  of  the 
schools  it  is  one  of  the  most  important  move- 
ments in  the  recent  educational  history  of  the 

city. 

FREE  SCHOOL  BOOKS. 

The  system  of  free  school  books  was  intro- 
duced into  the  Buffalo  schools  three  years  ago. 
Last  year  for  the  first  time  books  were  fur- 
nished to  the  night  schools.  The  total  cost  of 
books  for  the  school  department  for  1806  was 
$29, 689. 39.  Of  the  books  purchased  2, 637  were 
for  the  High  school,  and  59,857  for  the  other 
schools.  There  were  in  addition  50, 540  draw- 
ing and  writing  books,  8,000  musical  readers, 
and  200  charts.  The  draft  upon  the  free  school 
book  system  was  especially  heavy  this  year  be- 
cause of  the  enactment  of  the  temperance  in- 
struction law,  thus  making  it  obligatory  on 
the  city  to  provide  the  schools  with  physiol- 
ogies containing  the  requisite  number  of  pages 
devoted  to  the  effects  of  alcohol  and  narcotics. 
The  estimated  cost  of  the  free  school  system 
book  this  coming  year  is  $25,000.  A 
table  giving  the  cost  per  pupil  of  maintaining 
this  system  in  different  cities  where  it  has 
been  introduced  indicates  that  it  has  been 
managed  in    Buffakfwith "unusual    care  and 


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BUFFALO,  THE  FOURTH  COMMERCIAL  CITY  IN  THE  WORLD. 


38  COMMON  COUNCIL  MANUAL. 


economy.  Yet  pupils  were  never  so  well  pro- 
vided with  books.  School  authorities  in 
many  cities  have  asked  explanation  of  Buff- 
alo's method  of  conducting  the  system.  Sineo 
the  introduction  of  the  free  school  book  system 
there  has  been  a  steady  decrease  in  the  cost 
per  pupil,  which  was  66  cents  in  18!K5  and  '0-1, 
68  cents  in  '04  and  '05,  and  57  cents  in  '95  and 
'96. 

A  Board  of  School  Examiners  is  a  pari  of 
the  public  school  system,  and  candidates  for 
teachers  have  to  pass  an  examination  before 
Ibis  body  of  censors.  Their  work  has  boon 
highly  satisfactory  and  the  personnel  of  the 
Boards  will  be  found  elsewhere  in  these  pages. 

a  teachers'  union. 

The  Buffalo  "Women  Teachers'  Association 
is  the  only  body  of  teachers  in  the  world  that 
owns  its  own  real  estate.  It  is  composed  of 
i'»00  women  teachers,  who  meet  to  discuss  edu- 
cational work  and  methods  with  the  aim  of 
rendering  better  and  more  efficient  work  of  tin- 
individual  teacher.  Two  years  ago  this  body 
of  women  accumulated  $600,  with  which  sum 
they  made  their  first  payment  on  the  Chapter 
House,  their  present  home.  Today  the  prop- 
erty   with     its    furnishings     is    valued    at 

THE    MOST   CENTRAL  SHIPPING  POINT   IN  THE  COUNTRY. 


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BUFFALO   HAS   A   PROVEN   POPULATION   OF  389,138. 


CITY   OF  BUFFALO.  41 


$16,000,  and  the  debt  on  it  has  been  reduced  to 
$0, 500,  which  the  teachers  are  working  hard 
to  pay  off.  Any  mention  of  the  Women 
Teachers'  Association  would  be  incomplete 
without  reference  to  the  work  of  Dr.  Ida  C. 
Bender,  who  was  instrumental  in  forming  the 
association,  and  who  has  been  its  president 
for  the  past  seven  years.  To  her  untiring 
efforts  and  enthusiasm  much  of  the  present 
success  is  due. 

THE  PUBLIC   HISTORICAL  SOCIETY. 

During  February,  1897,  the  Common  Council 
of  the  city  accepted  an  offer  from  the  Buffalo 
Historical  Society,  for  many  years  a  promi- 
nent and  valuable  Buffalo  institution,  con- 
ducted and  operated  by  private  capital,  to  turn 
over  its  property,  including  rare  collections  of 
local  and  general  interest,  upon  the  city 
agreeing  to  pay  $25,000  into  the  building 
fund  of  the  society  and  secure  for  it  a  site  in 
the  Buffalo  Park,  near  the  main  driveway  and 
accessible  by  the  Forest  and  Elmwood  Avenue 
cars.  This  arrangement  was  consummated 
through  the  energy  of  Mr.  Andrew  Langdon, 
President  of  the  Society,  who  took  upon  his 
own  shoulders  the  raising  of  $35,000  to 
make   up  the    deficiency  of  the    sum  total  of 


THE  CHEAPEST   POWER  IN  THE  WORLD  IS  AT  BUFFALO. 


BUFFALO,  THE  FOURTH  COMMERCIAL  CITY  IN  THE  WORLD. 


42  COMMON   COUNCIL  MANUAL. 


$100,000,  which  it  is  estimated  the  new 
building  will  cost.  The  plans  shown  provide 
for  a  noble,  two  story,  stone  structure,  not  un- 
like, in  its  general  style  of  architecture,  that 
of  the  Laflin  Memorial  Building  in  Lincoln 
Park,  Chicago.  Accommodations  for  the  Park 
Patrol  corps  will  be  provided  in  the  basement 

A   NOBLE   NEW   PUBLIC   BUILDING. 

The  main  floor  will  be  sky-lighted  from 
above,  and  comprise  in  its  interior  arrange 
ments  a  great  hall,  running  the  entire  length 
of  the  building  and  extending  to  the  roof,  al- 
coves opening  upon  it  from  either  side.  An 
idea  of  the  general  value  of  the  collections  of 
this  institution  may  be  afforded  from  the 
statement  that  the  accessions  to  its  shelves 
during  the  past  year  include  398  volumes,  694 
pamphlets,  making  a  total  library  of  9,1-21 
volumes  and  7,879  pamphlets.  The  treasures 
of  the  society  include  the  Dr.  John  C.  Lord 
collection  of  relies  and  curios,  the  Adrian 
R.  Root  collection  of  war  relics,  Dr.  Joseph 
C.  Green's  collection  of  900  originals  and 
casts  of  Egyptian,  Syrian  and  Assyrian  anti- 
quities, the  Jonathan  Scoville  collection  of 
Indian  relics.  Dr.  Prank  H.  ( Jreen's  collect  ion 
of  coins,  medals  and    medallions.       The  news 

THE   MOST   CENTRAL  SHIPPING  POINT   IN  THE  COUNTRY. 


BUFFALO  HAS   A  PROVEN   POPULATION   OF  389,138. 
CITY   OF  BUFFALO.  43 

paper  collection  is  the  most  complete  in  the 
city  and  contains  files  from  the  beginning  of 
the  century-  A  practically  useful  compilation 
is  the  society's  record  of  marriages  and  deaths 
from  1811  up  to  the  time  of  the  establish- 
ment of  the  bureau  of  vital  statistics  in  1878, 
as  it  is  the  only  place  in  Buffalo  where  these 
old  archives  may  be  consulted. 

The  society  numbers  13  honorary  members  ; 
135  life  members,  who  have  paid  $50  each  ;  life 
membership  was  raised  some  time  ago  to  $100. 
There  are  300  resident  members,  who  pay  $5 
yearly,  and  125  corresponding  members.  All 
these  questions  of  membership  will  be  passed 
upon  by  the  joint  committee  of  members  of 
the  society  and  the  city  in  the  re-adjustment 
of  its  affairs.  The  collections  of  the  Historical 
Society  rank  in  value  with  the  first  in  the 
country.  During  the  past  three  years  an 
average  of  29,000  people  have  visited  the  so- 
ciety rooms.  Every  year  a  course  of  free 
lectures  on  local  history  and  topics  of  the  times 
is  given  under  the  auspices  of  the  society. 
Millard  Fillmore  was  its  founder  and  first 
president. 

THE   NEW   CITY   HALL  AS  PROPOSED. 

The  city  boasts  the  handsomest  and  best 
conducted  City    and  County  building    in  the 

THE  CHEAPEST  POWER  IN  THE  WORLD  IS  AT  BUFFALO. 


BUFFALO,  THE  FOURTH  COMMERCIAL  CITY  IN  THE  WORLD. 
44  COMMON   COUNCIL  MANUAL. 

United  States.  It  was  first  occupied  in  March, 
1876,  and  was  constructed  "on  honor,"  at  a 
total  cost  of  $1,400,000.  The  building  is  of 
granite,  and  is  ornamented  by  a  tower  con- 
taining  an  illuminated  electric  clock,  and  at 
the  comers  thereof  are  four  statues  symboliz- 
ing factors  in  Buffalo's  progress.  The  hall  is 
three  stories  in  height,  with  paved  and 
vaulted  basement,  and  in  it  are  nearly  all  the 
City  and  County  offices  and  Courts.  The 
Common  Council  Chamber  is  very  handsome 
and  commodious.  An  Annex  or  Municipal 
Building  was  erected  on  Delaware  Avenue, 
opposite  the  City  Hall,  during  the  year  1889, 
to  accommodate  the  Municipal  Court  and 
other  City  departments,  which,  owing  to  the 
City's  rapid  growth  and  consequent  need  of 
greater  accommodation  for  constantly  expand- 
ing public  business,  had  been  forced  to  find 
lodgment  elsewhere. 

Pending  the  carrying  out  of  the  plans  for 
the  permanent  improvement  and  enlargement 
of  the  City  Hall,  some  $35,000  has  been 
appropriated  by  the  city  and  County  authori- 
ties for  the  building  of  four  commodious 
rapid  transit  elevators,  to  replace  the  two  old 
and  inadequate  cars  now  running,  and  ar- 
rangements   are  being  made  by  the    Trustees 

THE   MOST   CENTRAL  SHIPPING  POINT   IN  THE  COUNTRY. 


BUFFALO   HAS   A   PROVEN   POPULATION   OF  389,138. 
CITY   OF  BUFFALO.  45 

for  the  building  of  two  large  dynamos  to  light 
the  handsome  building  by  electricity. 

The  present  City  Hall  is  a  model  public 
edifice,  and  this  is  universally  admitted  by  all 
who  visit  Buffalo ;  it  is  a  model  not  only  in 
point  of  its  unusual  solidity  and  beauty  and 
small  original  cost,  but  in  the  perfection  of 
its  maintenance.  It  is  governed  by  a  Board 
of  Control,  comprising  six  Commissioners  and 
a  superintendent ;  to  the  Board,  as  the  super- 
visory, and  the  superintendent,  as  the  execu- 
tive, is  due  the  fact  that  the  City  and  County 
Hall  in  Buffalo  lays  just  claim  to  being  the 
best  kept  public  building  in  the  country. 

GRADE  CROSSINGS    ABOLISHED. 

The  year  1896  was  prolific  in  events, 
to  the  advantage  of  Buffalo  and  in  the  con- 
summation of  many  plans  for  its  aggran- 
dizement. Not  the  least  of  these  great  tasks 
has  been  the  work  actually  accomplished  in 
the  matter  of  abolishing  all  crossings  at  grade, 
which  constituted,  for  years,  the  railroad 
Moloch,  upon  whose  altars  were  sacrificed 
many  valuable  human  lives.  In  the  year  1888 
the  Grade  Crossing  Commission  was  created, 
by  act  of  the  Legislature,  and  Governor  David 
B,  Hill  named   the    following  to  act  as    com- 


THE  CHEAPEST  POWER  IN   THE  WORLD  IS  AT  BUFFALO. 


BUFFALO,  THE  FOURTH  COMMERCIAL  CITY  IN  THE  WORLD. 


46  COMMON   COUNCIL  MANUAL. 


missioners  and  to  serve  their  fellow-citizens, 
without  compensation :  Robert  B.  Adam, 
William  J,  Morgan,  George  Sandrock,  Charles 
A.  Sweet,  Edward  H.  Butler,  John  B.  Weber, 
Frederick  Kendall,  Solomon  Scheu,  James  E. 
Nunan.  These  gentlemen  have  served  from 
the  time  of  their  appointment  until  the  pres- 
ent day,  with  the  exception  of  Solomon  Scheu 
and  James  E.  Nunan,  deceased. 

In  1892,  Section  1,  of  Chapter  345,  of  the  laws 
of  1888,  was  amended  by  adding  to  the  origi- 
nal Grade  Crossing  Commissions  Augustus  F. 
Scheu,  James  Ryan  and  Henry  D.  Kirkover, 
and  this  was  approved  by  Governor  Roswell 
P.  Flower,  April  20,  1892.  Their  work  has 
been  a  long,  tedious  and  unselfish  one,  involv- 
ing many  struggles  with  powerful  corpora- 
tions and  much  tedious  labor  of  detail ;  but 
the  reward  of  the  long  years  of  toil  is  at 
hand,  and  during  1896  there  were  signed  con- 
tracts with  all  the  important  railroad  corpora- 
tions entering  Buffalo,  thus  seeming  safety 
to  its  citizens  and  insuring  humanity,  in  the 
future,  from  slaughter  at  grade. 


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BUFFALO   HAS   A   PROVEN   POPULATION   OF  389,138. 


CITY   OF  BUFFALO.  47 


PRACTICAL  RESULTS   ACCOMPLISHED. 

The  Michigan-street  viaduct,  a  noble  work 
spanning  the  entire  trackage  of  the  New  York 
Central  and  other  railroads,  at  Michigan 
street — an  artery  of  trade  which  connects 
the  northern  part  of  the  city  with  the  equally 
populous  south  side — was  finished,  as  was  also 
the  lowering  of  the  Central  and  other  tracks 
below  the  level  of  Washington  street,  and  the 
crossing  of  the  Terrace,  by  subway.  Other 
labors  incident  to  the  accomplishment  of  the 
work  are  being  rapidly  prosecuted.  This  via- 
duct alone  cost  $113, 327,41,  and  the  total  cost  of 
the  whole  tremendous  undertaking  will  ap- 
proximate $5,000,000.  The  compiler  of  this 
work  is  indebted  to  Col.  George  E.  Mann,  the 
capable  engineer  of  the  commission,  for  many 
of  the  details  here  presented.  And  speaking  of 
railroads,  it  may  be  noted,  incidentally,  as  sig- 
nificant of  the  confidence  of  railroad  people  in 
Buffalo's  business  prosperity,  that  following 
the  example  of  the  New  York  Central,  the 
Lehigh  Valley  Railroad  in  1896,  put  on  a 
fast  train  between  Buffalo  and  New  York, 
known  as  the  ' '  Black  Diamond, ' '  which  very 
nearly  parallels,  in  point  of  time,  the  achieve- 
ments of  the  ' '  Empire  State  Express, ' '  the 
fastest  regular  passenger    train    operating  on 

THE  CHEAPEST  POWER  IN  THE  WORLD  IS  AT  BUFFALO, 


BUFFALO,  THE  FOURTH  COMMERCIAl  CITY  IN  THE  WORLD. 


48  COMMON  COUNCIL  MANUAL. 

any  railroad  in  the  world.  The  Erie  Rail- 
road, also,  has  made  an  attempt  to  bid  for 
the  through  passenger  traffic,  by  shortening 
their  time  between  this  city  and  New  York, 
and  offering  a  better  service. 

THE   NEW   FREE   LIBRARY. 

Early  in  the  present  year  a  magnificent 
collection  of  books,  pamphlets,  etc.,  of 
the  Young  Men's  Association,  known  as 
the  Buffalo  Library,  was  made  free  to 
every  respectable  citizen  of  Buffalo,  enabling 
each  to  draw  two  books  and  to  keep  them  out 
for  a  limited  length  of  time,  subject  to  the 
rules  and  regulations  of  the  association.  An 
act  was  drawn,  submitted  to  the  Com- 
mon Council,  passed  by  both  branches 
and  approved  by  the  Mayor,  which  has 
received  the  sanction  of  the  Legislature, 
the  signature  of  the  Governor,  and  become  a 
law.  Henceforth,  Buffalo  will  have  one  of 
the  finest  free-library  systems  in  the  country. 
for  the  Buffalo  Library  is  noted,  far  and  wide, 
for  the  excellence  of  its  collections  and  tin4 
substantial  comfort  of  its  reading  and  study 
rooms. 

THE  CHILDREN'S   ROOM. 

One  of  the  most  attractive  sj>ots  in  the 
building    is    that    known    as    the    children's 

THE   MOST   CENTRAL  SHIPPING  POINT   IN  THE  COUNTRY 


BUFFALO   HAS  A   PROVEN    POPULATION   OF  389,138. 
CITY   OF   BUFFALO.  49 

room,  and  its  usefulness  will  be  in  the  future 
much  enhanced.  The  walls  are  bright  with 
pictures  and  colored  prints.  At  one  end  of 
the  room  is  a  bookcase  filled  with  the  litera- 
ture dear  to  children's  hearts,  who  read  with 
delight  the  story  of  "Jack  and  the  Bean 
Stalk,"  "Hop  O'  My  Thumb,"  and  "Beauty 
and  the  Beast, ' '  while  the  one  Brownie  book 
is  simply  read  into  tatters,  the  price  it  has  to 
pay  for  its  popularity.  The  room  was  opened 
last  July,  and  has  proved  a  greater  success 
than  even  its  projectors  hoped.  It  is  of  the 
children,  for  the  children,  and  by  the  children. 
That  they  appreciate  their  privileges  is 
demonstrated  by  the  fact  that  the  average 
daily  attendance,  between  the  hours  of  2.45 
and  6  p.  m. ,  is  140.  On  Saturdays,  when  the 
hours  are  from  9  a,  m.  to  6  p.  m. ,  the  largest 
number  recorded  for  any  one  day  is  762.  The 
room  is  in  charge  of  Miss  Hannah  Fernald, 
who  studied  library  work  at  Pratt  Institute 
in  preparation  for  her  present  position.  She 
is  devoted  to  the  work,  and  in  her  daily  con- 
tact with  the  children  gains  an  influence  for 
good  over  them. 

THE   HOME   OF  THE  BOOKS. 

The  Library  is  housed  in  a  home  of  its  own 
built  some  years   ago,  opposite  the   Soldiers' 

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BUFFALO,  THE  FOURTH  COMMERCIAL  CITY  IN  THE  WORLD. 
50  COMMON   COUNCIL  MANUAL. 

Monument,  and  facing  upon  Washington 
street  and  Broadway.  The  architecture  of  this 
beautiful  pile  is  unique,  and  built,  as  it 
was,  for  the  purposes  for  which  it  is  occupied, 
the  building  in  every  way  fulfills  public  re- 
quirements. Heretofore,  it  was  a  public 
library  only  in  the  sense  that  admission  to  its 
rooms  was  free,  as  was  the  use,  on  its  prem- 
ises, of  books  and  periodicals.  The  Municipal 
Committee  taking  the  initial  steps  in  this 
matter,  and  under  whose  auspices  it  was 
carried  through,  was  composed  of  the  follow- 
ing members  of  the  city  government :  Alder- 
men Maischoss,  Boeckel,  Smither,  Summers 
and  Kissinger,  and  Councilmen  Klinck, 
Zipp,  Ash,  Utley  and  Keller,  His  Honor, 
Edgar  B.  Jewett,  Mayor,  and  Mark  S.  Hub- 
bell,  City  Clerk.  This  valuable  library  contains 
84,000  volumes,  of  which  five  thousand  are  in 
the  German  language. 

OTHER  BUFFALO  LIBRARIES. 

Besides  the  Buffalo  Library,  there  is  the 
Grosvenor,  also  occupying  a  home  of  its 
own,  on  the  corner  of  Edward  and  Frank- 
lin streets,  but  this  is  contradistinct  from  the 
Buffalo  Library  because  its  collection  are 
rather  special  than  general  in  their  character, 
and  constitute  more   an  admirable  reference 

THE   MOST   CENTRAL  SHIPPING  POINT   IN  THE  COUNTRY. 


BUFFALO   HAS   A   PROVEN   POPULATION   OF  389,138. 
CITY  OF  BUFFALO.  51 

library.  Notable  among  collections  main- 
tained by  private  associations  are  those 
of  the  Catholic  Institute,  on  Main  street ; 
the  German  Young  Men's  Association,  housed 
in  Music  Hall ;  Buffalo  Historical  Society, 
Buffalo  Medical  Library  Association,  Erie 
County  Medical  Society,  Erie  Railway  Library 
Association,  Guard  of  Honor,  Harugari 
Library,  Lutheran  Young  Men's  Association, 
North  Buffalo  Catholic  Association,  St. 
Michael's  Young  Men's  Sodality,  Women's 
Educational  and  Industrial  Union,  Young 
Men's  Catholic  Association,  and  the  Young 
Men's  Christian  Association. 

The  National  Educational  Association, 
which  convened  in  Buffalo  last  July,  sur- 
passed in  success  any  convention  held  before 
by  that  body.  The  admirable  manner  in 
which  the  15,000  guests  were  housed  and  en- 
tertained was  an  undoubted  factor  in  deciding 
the  G.  A.  R.  to  hold  its  meeting  here.     §     _ 

THE  TEACHERS'   RETIREMENT  FUND. 

Buffalo  has  taken  her  place  among  the  most 
progressive  cities  in  securing  the  passage  of 
an  act  creating  a  teachers'  retirement  fund 
for  those  who  are  worn  out  in  the  ser- 
vice.    The  Women  Teachers'  Association  took 

THE  CHEAPEST   POWER  IN  THE  WORLD  IS  AT  BUFFALO. 


BUFFALO,  THE  FOURTH  COMMERCIAL  CITY  IN  THE  WORLD. 


52  COMMON   COMMON  MANUAL. 


active  part  in  urging  the  passage  of  this  bill, 
and  the  fact  that  1)00   teachers    voted  for  it 

undoubtedly  helped  to  push  it  through. 
Teachers  give  one  per  cent,  of  their  salaries  in 
support  of  this  fund.  The  expenses  of  the  N. 
E.  A.  convention  were  less  than  estimated, 
and  after  everything  was  paid  it  was  voted  to 
contribute  this  unused  balance  of  $3,700  as  a 
nucleus    for  this  pension  fund   for    teachers. 

WOMEN   IN  PUBLIC  INSTRUCTION. 

The  Women's  Educational  and  Industrial 
Union  owns  its  own  building,  with  a  hand- 
some public  hall  attached,  on  Niagara 
Square.  It  has  existed  for  12  years,  and 
with  each  year  enlarges  its  field  of  usefulness. 
It  is  a  union  of  all  classes  and  conditions  of 
women,  in  which  there  is  none  so  rich  that 
she  has  no  needs,  and  none  so  poor  that  she 
cannot  serve  another.  The  work  of  the  Union 
is  thoroughly  practical,  and  last  year  it  found 
employment  for  776  women.  Its  domestic 
training  department  is  proving  what  scientific 
methods  can  do  to  exalt  household  service. 
Classes  have  been  formed  for  instruction  in 
cooking,  laundry  work,  dining-room  work, 
and  general  housekeeping.  There  are  many 
educational  classes  and  entertainments  in  lit- 
erary subjects.  The  Union  also  does  protective 


THE   MOST   CENTRAL  SHIPPING  POINT  IN  THE  COUNTRY. 


BUFFALO   HAS  A   PROVEN   POPULATION   OF  389,138. 
CITY   OF  BUFFALO.  53 

and  philanthropic  work.  It  has  929  annual 
members,  25  sustaining  nienibers,  and  17  life 
members,  making  a  total  membership  of  971. 

THE  GREATEST  GRAIN  PORT. 

There  are  37  grain  elevators  in  the  city  of 
Buffalo.  These  have  a  total  storage  capacity 
of  17,000,000  bushels.  There  are  in  addition 
six  transfer  towers  and  eight  floating  eleva- 
tors, making  a  total  of  53  elevating  buildings, 
easily  valued  at  $11,000,000.  An  idea  of  the 
present  enormous  transfer  capacity  may  be 
gained  from  the  fact  that  they  are  able  to 
handle  5,000,000  bushels  every  24  hours.  The 
capacity  of  the  enormous  flouring  mills  of 
Buffalo  is  put  at  9,000  barrels  per  day,  and 
this  they  can  easily  exceed. 

The  receipts  of  iron  ore  at  this  port  last  year 
were  443,073  net  tons. 

The  shipments  of  coal  at  this  port  last  year 
amounted  to  2,400,068  tons. 

UNITED   STATES  POST-OFFICE  TESTIMONY. 

The  sale  of  postage  stamps  for  December, 
1896,  were  the  largest  in  the  history  of  the 
office,  amounting  to  $69, 266. 54.  The  sales  of 
postage  stamps  for  the  corresponding  month 
in  1895  aggregated  $59,530.98,  showing  an  in- 
crease of  $9, 735. 56.     The  total  stamp  sales  for 

THE  CHEAPEST  POWER  IN  THE  WORLD  IS  AT  BUFFALO. 


BUFFALO,  THE  FOURTH  COMMERCIAL  CITY  IN  THE  WORLO. 
54  COMMON   COUNCIL  MANUAL. 

the  year  1896  were  $712,363.13,  which,  com- 
pared with  the  sales  for  the  year  1895,  shows 
an  increase  of  $40,554.11. 

THE  SCHOOL  OF  PEDAGOGY. 

The  University  of  Buffalo  took  an  important 
step  in  advancing  educational  interests  in  this 
city  when  it  established  in  1895  the  School  of 
Pedagogy.  There  is  a  growing  conviction 
that  teaching  no  less  than  law  and  medicine 
is  a  science  and  should  he  treated  as  such. 
The  school  occupies  the  lecture  rooms  of  the 
Buffalo  Library.  There  are  150  students  en- 
rolled, a  large  increase  over  last  year.  Among 
them  are  a  good  many  school  principals  and 
teachers  of  long  experience,  others  who  wish 
to  prepare  themselves  to  teach,  and  still  others 
who  attend  the  lectures  purely  for  the  pleasure 
and  benefit  derived.  One  of  the  special 
features  is  the  attention  paid  to  psychology 
and  child  study.  This  department  is  supplied 
with  apparatus  for  measuring  the  intellectual 
capacity  of  the  child,  ^o  delicate  is  the 
instrument  that  it  registers  time  to  the 
200th  part  of  a  second.  Dr.  Frank  M.  Mc- 
Mnrry  is  the  principal  of  the  School  of 
Pedagogy.  The  other  prof essors  are :  M.  V, 
O'Shea,  Rev.    Herbnt    Gardiner   Lord,    Dr. 

THE   MOST  CENTRAL  SHIPPING  POINT   IN  THE  COUNTRY. 


BUFFALO  HAS  A  PROVEN   POPULATION  OF  389,138. 
CITY   OF  BUFFALO.  55 

Woods  Hutchinson,  Dr.  Ida  C.  Bender,  Dr. 
James  Wright  Putnam,  and  Madam  Natalie 
Mankell.  The  School  of  Pedagogy  has  at  its 
disposal  a  thoroughly-equipped  model  school, 
where  students  have  an  opportunity  to  observe 
excellent  teaching,  as  well  as  to  place  them- 
selves under  the  criticism  of  skilled  in- 
structors. 

UNLIMITED  WATER  SUPPLY. 

The  Water  Department  is  a  branch  of  the 
municipal  government,  entirely  self-support- 
ing, and  earning  every  year  more  than  its  ex- 
penditures on  mains,  etc.,  which  it  is  con- 
stantly building,  and  reserving  the  rest  for  the 
extending  of  water  facilities  in  the  future. 
Thousands  upon  thousands  of  dollars  are  ex- 
pended by  this  department  yearly  in  laying 
mains  through  the  constantly -increasing  list 
of  new  streets. 

In  1893  a  reservoir  was  constructed  on  the 
so-called  Dodge  Farm,  at  Best  and  Jefferson 
streets,  costing  $406,000,  and  with  a  capacity 
of  125,000,000  gallons. 

In  1896  a  new  30,000,000  gallon,  triple  ex- 
pansion, Hammond  engine  was  constructed 
for  the  City  by  the  Lake  Erie  Engineering 
Works ;    and  two  new  supply  mains,  one  36- 

THE  CHEAPEST   POWER  IN   THE  WORLD  IS  AT  BUFFALO. 


BUFFALO,  THE  FOURTH  COMMERCIAL  CITY  IN  THE  WORLD. 


56  COMMON  COUNCIL  MANUAL. 


inch,  in  Utica  street,  and  one  48-inch,  in 
North  street,  were  laid  at  an  expense  of  $300,  - 
000. 

POLICE  AND  FIRE. 

Buffalo  has  the  best  police  and  tire  depart- 
ments in  the  United  States.  There  are  704 
men  in  all  in  the  police  employ,  and  44)3  con- 
stitute the  total  number  of  employes  in  the  fire 
department.  Both  departments  are  governed 
by  boards  of  commissioners  of  three ;  of  the 
former,  the  Mayor  being,  ex  officio,  a  member. 

THE   NEW  OFFICE  BUILDINGS. 

Buffalo  is  already  famous  for  its  rapid 
growth  in  new  and  elegant  office  buildings, 
many  constructed  with  foreign  capital,  which 
goes  to   show  that  Buffalo    is  banked    en  bj 

shrewd  and  thinking  men  in  all  parts  of  the 
country,  from  New  England  and  New  York 
to  Chicago  and  other  moneyed  centers  of  the 

West. 

And  there  is  a  lesson  to  be  learned  from  the 
stories  of  its  new  buildings,  which  is  that  wher- 
ever progress  constructs  new  buildings  fortune 
sends  tenants  to  occupy  them;  the  tendency  of 

the  majority  of  mankind  is  toward  betterment 
of  their  surroundings,  and  the  croakers  who 


THE   MOST  CENTRAL  SHIPPING  POINT   IN  THE  COUNTRY. 


BUFFALO   HAS   A   PROVEN   POPULATION   OF  389,138. 
CITY  OF   BUFFALO.  57 

predicted  that  Buffalo  was  having  an  epidemic 
of  office  edifices,  and  that  they  would  find  no 
tenants,  have  seen  every  one  of  them  nearly 
fully  rented  before  the  roofs  were  fairly  trussed 
upon  their  walls. 

THE  LESSON  OF  THE  PAST. 

And  the  old  buildings !  Like  the  sinking 
ships  of  the  sailors'  tradition,  they  are  more 
or  less  tenantless,  and  sooner  or  later,  im- 
pelled thereto  by  motives  of  personal  ex- 
pediency, their  owners  will  tear  them  down 
and  replace  them  with  new  and  modern 
structures,  which  will  not  fail  to  find  their 
occupants,  until  finally  the  old  rookeries  shall 
have  disappeared  forever.  This  is  an  incident 
in  the  history  of  growth. 

Niagara  power,  the  most  marvelous  natural 
agent  ever  chained  to  the  treadmill  of  human 
industry,  has  been  converted  to  the  uses  of 
mankind,  and  in  another  portion  of  this  vol- 
ume will  be  found  the  franchise  alluded  to 
above,  which  was  finally  accepted  by  the 
Niagara  Falls  Power  Company  on  the  14th 
day  of  January,  1896,  by  formal  documents 
filed  with  the  City  Clerk. 

Buffalo,  owing  to  its  propinquity  to  the 
great   Pennsylvania  [coal  fields,    has   always 


THE  CHEAPEST   POWER  IN  THE  WORLD  IS  AT  BUFFALO. 


BUFFALO,  THE  FOURTH  COMMERCIAL  CITY  IN  THE  WORLD. 


58  COMMON  COUNCIL  MANUAL. 


been  able  to  procure  fuel  for  its  manufacturers 
at  prices  much  lower  than  less  favored  and 
more  distant  cities.  Niagara  power  is  under 
cod  tract  to  be  delivered  for  general  use, 
within  these  city  limits  inside  of  six  months, 
and  already  the  street  railways  of  the  city  use 
the  Falls  power  exclusively. 

THE  CHEAPEST  POWER  ON  EARTH. 

With  a  fuel  which  must  be  supplied  at 
much  less  than  the  cost  of  coal  and  the  use.  of 
which  will  necessarily  dispense  with  the  labor 
now  necessary  in  handling,  at  individual  fur- 
naces, the  product  of  the  mines,  the  output  of 
Buffalo  manufacturers  should,  in  equal  ratio 
with  the  decrease  in  the  cost  of  its  production, 
undersell,  in  the  markets  of  the  world,  the 
goods  made  in  any  other  city. 

So  the  great  ta.sk  of  harnessing  Niagara 
is  an  accomplished  fact,  and  the  Falls, 
unblemished  in  their  beauty,  still  pre- 
sent their  vision  of  majesty,  being  at  the 
same  time  literally  converted  to  the  uses  of 
mankind. 

This  is  a  short  story  of  the  city,  past  and 
present, and,  as  was  said  of  last  year's  Manual : 
"It  is  not  a  boom  publication,  neither  is  it  an 
exaggeration.     All  facts  are   stated   with    ae- 


THE   MOST   CENTRAL  SHIPPING  PJINT   IN  THE  COUNTRY. 


BUFFALO   HAS   A   PROVEN   POPULATION   OF  389,138. 
CITY  OF  BUFFALO.  59 

curacy,  and  aim  at  supplying  in  a  small 
space  as  much  information  as  can  be  used  on  a 
great  subject. ' ' 

MARK  S.   HUBBELL. 
Buffalo,  N.  Y.,  March  18th,  1897. 


-7^ 


THE  CHEAPEST   POWER  IN  THE  WORLD  IS  AT  BUFFALO. 


BUFFALO,  THE  FOURTH  COMMERCIAL  CITY  IN  THE  WORLD. 
60  COMMON  COUNCIL  MANUAL. 

BUFFALO  IN  BRIEF. 

Hotels,  48. 

Theaters,  10. 

Public  flarkets,  5. 

Population,  389,138. 

Total  square  miles,  42. 

Sinking  Fund,  $541, 816.  J  8. 

Largest  flour  depot  in  the  world. 

Total  paved  streets,  324.11.")  miles. 

Total  acreage  of  City,  3.,, :?i:,,  „,,,,. 

Total  indebtedness,  $12,779,210.66. 

Largest  sheep  market  in  the  world. 

Largest  horse  market  in  the  world. 

Natural  gas  for  fuel  purposes,  unlimited. 

nanufactories,  3,000.     Over  75,000  opera- 
tives. 

Parks,  942^  aeres.       Park    driveways.    19 
miles. 

Buffalo  is  the  fourth  commercial  city  in  the 

world. 

THE   MOST   CENTRAL  SHIPPING  POINT   IN  THE  COUNTRY. 


BUFFALO   HAS  A   PROVEN   POPULATION   OF  389,138. 
CITY   OF  BUFFALO.  61 

Under  contract  for  1897,  30  streets  for 
asphalt. 

Number  of  Electric  Lights,  2, 500  ;  number 
of  gas  lamps,  5, 856. 

Buffalo  is  the  largest  city  between  New 
York  and  Chicago. 

Pavements;  Relative  cost  per  square  yard  : 
Asphalt,  $2.50;  brick,  2.40. 

Street  Railway  Percentage  Revenue  (Law 
now  repealed),  $45,613.73  per  annum. 

Buffalo  is  the  Second  Largest  City  in  the 

Empire  State,  Greater  New  York  being  first. 

Telephone  Rates,  $30  for  300  messages  ;  $50 
for  500  messages,  and  $75  for  1,000  messages. 

Largest  coal  trestle  in  the  world,  owned 
by  the  D.  L.  &  W.  Railway.  One  mile  in 
length. 

Financial  institutions;  Staple  and  plenti- 
ful. Available  capital  unlimited.  Policy 
liberal. 

Water  Department  owned  by  City.  Valu- 
ation, $13,000,000.  Bonded  Indebtedness, 
$3, 500, 000.  Cheapest  water  rate  in  the  United 
States.     High-pressure  service. 

THE  CHEAPEST  POWER  IN  THE  WORLD  IS  AT  BUFFALO. 


BUFFALO,  THE  FOURTH  COMMERCIAL  CITY  IN  THE  WORLD. 


62  COMMON   COTO'CIL  MANUAL. 


Electrical  power  from  Niagara  Falls  now 
being  used  in  Buffalo.  (See  franchise  and 
contract  elsewhere. ) 

Street  Railways,  150  miles.  More  under 
course  of  construction.  All  operated  and 
heated  by  electric -trolley  system. 

The  total  receipts  of  Grain  and  Flaxseed, 

by  lake,  in  1896,  were,  in  bushels,  172,476,664, 
or  the  largest  amount  known  in  the  history  of 
the  city. 

Pavements,  in  miles.  There  are  now  laid 
of  macadam,  1;  stone,  117.598;  stone  resur- 
faced with  asphalt,  1.806  ;  brick,  4,765  ; 
asphalt,    197.629. 

More  smooth  pavements  than  Paris.  Wasli- 
ington,  London  or  any  other  city  reported.  In 
process  of  construction  or  ordered :  As- 
phalt, 14.60  miles. 

Cost  of  electric  light,  §100.00  per  lamp  per 
year,  or  80  cents  per  lamp  per  night  for  865 

nights,  for  public  lamps  on  streets.  No 
' '  moonlight  schedule. ' ' 

Water,  unlimited  and  pure  from  Lake 
Erie,  at  head  of  Niagara  River,  outside  of 
contamination  line;  capacity  of  pumping 
station  145,000,000  gallons  per  day. 


THE   MOST  CENTRAL  SHIPPING  POINT   IN  THE  COUNTRY. 


BUFFALO  HAS  A  PROVEN   POPULATION  OF  889,138. 
CITY   OF  BUFFALO.  63 

Street  Railways :  Percentage  paid  the  city 
on  gross  earnings,  under  $1,500,000,  two  per 
cent.  ;  under  $2, 000, 000,  two  and  one-half  per 
cent. ,  and  over  $2, 000, 000,  three  per  cent. 

Buffalo  bonds  command  higher  prices  in 
the  market,  and  are  more  sought,  than  those 
of  any  other  city.  There  has  never  been  de- 
fault in  payment  of  interest  or  principal  on 
any  Buffalo  security. 

What  Chief  Cuthbertson  (U.  S.  Weather 
Bureau)  Says:  "  During  the  16  days  of 
hot  weather,  beginning  August  1st,  1896,  I 
took  observations  which  showed  that  out  of 
18  large  cities  Buffalo  was  the  coolest. 

U.  S.  Post  Office  Testimony.  The  sales  of 
postage  stamps  for  December,  1896,  were 
$69, 266. 54,  the  largest  in  the  history  of  the 
office.  The  total  stamp  sales  for  the  year  1896 
were  $712,363.13,  showing  an  increase  over 
1895  of  $40,554.11. 

The  Buffalo  Hotel  Company.  There  was 
incorporated  at  Albany,  on  December  2d, 
1896,  with  a  capital  stock  of  $300,000,  a  com- 
pany, to  build,  in  Buffalo,  a  handsome,  new 
hotel.  It  is  understood  plans  have  been  drawn 
and  a  site  selected. 

THE  CHEAPEST  POWER  IN  THE  WORLD  IS  AT  BUFFALO. 


BUFFALO,  THE  FOURTH  COMMERCIAL  CITY  IN  THE  WORLD. 
64  COMMON  COUNCIL  MANUAL. 

Butfalo  Schools,  60.  The  new  Masten 
Park  high  school  will  soon  be  completed,  thus 
giving  the  city  two  fine  buildings  for  high- 
school  work.  Sites  for  grammar  schools  have 
been  purchased  and  new  buildings  will  be 
erected  as  speedily  as  possible. 

The  Pan-American  Exposition  will  be  held 
011  Cayuga  Island  in  1899,  and  the  exposition 
will  occupy  the  entire  island,  funds  for  erect- 
ing the  buildings  on  which  will  be  raised  by 
the  sale  of  $5.00  bonds,  entitling  the  holders 
to  an  ownership  interest  in  the  enterprise. 

Steam  Railroad  Trackage.    The  New  York 

Sun  is  authority  for  the  following  :  "( rreater 
New  York  will  have  within  its  limits  464 
miles  of  car  tracks  ;  Philadelphia  has  400  miles  ; 
St.  Louis,  291  ;  Baltimore,  256  ;  San  Francisco, 
231;    Chicago,  593,  and  Buffalo   abonl  600." 

Steam  railways,  26;  250  passenger  trains 
per  day.  Over  (500  miles  of  trackage  in  the 
city  limits.  In  this  respect  Buffalo  heads  the 
procession,  before  Greater  New  York,  Chicago, 
Philadelphia,  St.  Louis,  Baltimore  and  San 
Francisco,  as  computed  by  the  "New  fork 
Sun. ' ' 

Lowest  Death  Rate.  Average  1896,  12.72 
per  1,000  of  population.    Week  ending  January 

THE  MOST  CENTRAL  SHIPPING  POINT   IN  THE  COUNTRY. 


BUFFALO   HAS   A   PROVEN   POPULATION   OF  389,138. 
CITY   OF   BUFFALO.  65 

11th,  1896,  9.60  per  1,000;  corresponding  week 
of  1895,  15.68  per  1,000.  Death  rate  for  Feb- 
ruary, 1896,  29  days,  10.61  per  1,000,  as  op- 
posed to  February,  1895,  when  the  rate  was 
15.58  per  1,000. 

Revenue  from  Licenses,  etc.  Department 
of  Excise,  $517,011.29;  licenses  issued  by  the 
Mayor,  including  those  other  than  liquor 
licenses,  as  peddlers,  pawnbrokers,  theatrical, 
etc.,  $29,823.00.  Total  license  receipts,  all 
sources,  for  1896,  $546, 834. 29,  or  about  22  per 
cent,  of  the  municipal  revenue,  or  15  per 
cent,  of  tax  receipts. 

The  Entries  and  Clearances  at  the  port  of 
Buffalo  for  1896  were  exceedingly  large,  in 
fact,  they  are  the  largest  ever  recorded  here. 
The  total  number  of  entries  during  1896  was 
5,581,  the  tonnage  being  5,617,494  tons. 
Total  clearances  foot  up  5, 740,  with  a  tonnage 
of  5,670,032  tons. 

A  New  Theater.  There  will  be  ready  for 
use  when  the  fall  theatrical  season  opens,  the 
beautiful,  new  place  of  amusement,  being  con- 
structed, at  large  expense,  on  the  corner  of 
Mohawk  and  Washington  streets,  by  Louis  H. 
Eckhert.  The  plans  show  a  fire-proof  structure, 
beautifully  planned,  and  in  the  highest  degree 
modern  and  convenient. 

THE  CHEAPEST   POWER  IN   THE  WORLD  IS  AT  BUFFALO. 


BUFFALO,  THE  FOURTH  COMMERCIAL  CITY  IN  THE  WORLD. 
66  COMMON  COUNCIL  MANUAL. 

Valuation  of  Property.  The  increase  in 
the  total  of  assessed  valuation  of  the  real  and 
personal  property  for  the  years  1897-8  is 
14,520,945.  The  total  valuation  of  all  prop- 
erty in  Buffalo  (  assessors'  estimate  )  is 
1*265,000,000,  including  property  valued  at 
$25,000,000,  exempt  from  execution.  Person- 
al property  estimated  $15,000,000. 

One  Death  from  Sun-stroke.  "  The  one 
man  who  died  from  sun-stroke,  in  Buffalo, 
during  the  deadly  heated  term  of  last  year, 
when  deaths,  daily,  from  heat  prostration 
were  common  in  all  other  American  cities,  was 
Martin  Hecker,  brewery  collector,  who  suc- 
cumbed August  6th.  Buffalo  is  not  a  sun- 
stroke city. ' '  Dr.  Wende,  Health  Commis- 
sioner. 

Grand  Opera  in  Buffalo.  Straws  show 
which  way  the  wind  blows  :  Abbey,  Sehocfiin 
&  Grau  brought  the  entire  Metropolitan 
Opera  House  Company  to  Buffalo,  in  1896, 
including  Melba,  Nordiea,  the  DeRetzskes, 
and  others,  for  a  three-nights  season,  ami 
scored  a  decided  financial  success.  Buffalo 
is  the  only  city  as  yet  thus  favored  between 
New  York  and  Chicago. 

An  Expert's  Opinion.  Dr.  Albert  H.  Gihon, 
of  tin1  United  States  Navy,  says:    "Buffalo  is 

THE   MOST  CENTRAL  SHIPPING  POINT   IN  THE  COUNTRY. 


BUFFALO  HAS  A  PROVEN   POPULATION  OF  389,138. 
CITY   OF  BUFFALO.  67 

always  in  the  lead  in  sanitary  matters.  The 
other  cities  are  forced  to  follow.  In  many 
ways  Buffalo  has  little  to  do,  for  in  some  lines 
she  is  nearly  perfect.  The  arrangements  and 
methods  are  invariably  the  best,  and  I  no 
longer  wondered  at  the  low  death  rate  when 
I  saw  how  your  city  takes  care  of  the  Buffalo 
health. ' ' 

The  Seventy-fourth  Regiment  Armory. 
The  State  of  New  York  is  under  pledge  to  ex- 
pend $400, 000  in  the  erection  of  an  armory  for 
the  Seventy-fourth  Regiment,  upon  Niagara 
street,  on  the  site  occupied  by  the  old  reser- 
voir, and  conditionally  donated  to  the  State 
for  this  purpose.  This  building  is  now 
actually  in  course  of  contraction,  and  will  be 
one  of  the  handsomest  buildings  of  this  kind 
in  the  country. 

Cool  and  Comfortable.  The  Brocton  Mir- 
ror says :  '  'Buffalo  is  classed  as  one  of  the 
large  cities  of  the  country,  and,  while  people 
were  dropping  down  dead  from  heat  in  the 
streets  of  almost  every  other  large  city  in  the 
country,  the  mortality  in  the  Bison  City  was 
little  if  any  greater  than  in  country  -districts 
while  the  torrid  wave  lasted.  People  living 
along  the  lower  shores  of  Lake  Erie  have 
much  to  be  thankful  for. ' ' 

THE  CHEAPEST  POWER  IN  THE  WORLD  IS  AT  BUFFALO. 


BUFFALO,  THE  FOURTH  COMMERCIAL  CITY  IN  THE  WORLD. 
68  COMMON  COUNCIL  MANUAL. 

A  $10,000,000  Harbor  Improvement  Com  = 
pany.  A  bill  was  introduced  into  the  Legis- 
lature, Feb.  25,  by  Assemblyman  Schneider 
to  incorporate  "The  South  Buffalo  Harbor 
Improvement  and  Ship  Canal  Co. ,  to  define 
its  rights,  etc. ' '  It  is  understood  this  com- 
pany proposes  to  build  ship  canals,  acquire 
river  and  harbor  frontages,  and  in  other  ways 
demonstrate  the  confidence  of  its  shareholders 
in  the  wisdom  of  Buffalo  investments. 

Cost  of  gas,  17  cents  per  lamp  per  month, 
to  light,  extinguish,  clean  and  keep  in  repair. 
Street  lamps  to  be  lighted  and  kept  lighted 
for  an  aggregate  of  not  less  than  3, 951^  hours 
in  each  year.  Pro-rata  reduction  to  be  made 
for  such  hours  as  any  of  said  lamps  are  shown 
to  have  been  not  lighted.  Requirements  of 
street  gas  lamps,  four  feet  of  gas  per  hour. 
Average  required  equal  to  18  candles  per  light. 
Rates  of  gas  to  private  consumers,  fl.00  per 
1,000  feet  net. 

To  pave  a  street  in  Buffalo  it  is  necessary 
that  a  petition  be  presented  to  the  Common 
Council,  asking  that  it  be  paved  with  the 
material  desired,  which  petition  must  be 
certified  by  the  Assessors  as  containing  the 
signatures  of  a  majority  of  the  resident  prop- 
erty owners,   representing  at  least  two-fifths 


THE   MOST  CENTRAL  SHIPPING  POINT  IN  THE  COUNTRY. 


BUFFALO   HAS  A  PROVEN   POPULATION  OF  389,138. 
CITY  OF  BUFFALO.  69 

of  the  frontage ;  if  it  is  desired  to  pave  as  a 
sanitary  measure,  petitions  not  being  obtain- 
able, this  may  be  done  by  order  of  the 
Common  Council  on  a  two- thirds  vote. 

The  "Senator."  A  new,  all-steel  boat,  of 
channel  construction,  built  by  the  Detroit  Dry 
Dock  Company  and  launched  July  25th,  189G, 
will  bring  grain  to  Buffalo.  She  is  one  of 
the  largest  ships  ever  launched  on  fresh 
waters,  being  424  feet  long,  45  feet  six  inches 
beam  and  28  feet  wide  ;  her  tonnage  is  4, 048 
gross,  3, 178  net.  She  is  divided  by  five  water- 
tight, steel  bulkheads,  thus  enabling  her  to 
either  carry  a  grain  or  a  general  cargo.  She 
has  a  capacity  of  278,000  bushels  of  oats. 

Asphalt  by  Whom  Laid.  Since  1882  streets 
have  been  paved  by  the  various  companies 
with  smooth  pavement  as  follows :  By  the  A. 
L.  Barber  Asphalt  Paving  Company  (Trinidad 
Lake  asphalt),  193.79  miles,  comprising  247 
streets  or  parts  of  streets.  The  German  Rock 
Asphalt  &  Cement  Co.  (also  laying  Barber 
asphalt),  36.77  miles.  The  Standard  Paving 
Co.,  laying  Kentucky  bituminous  rock,  17 
miles — a  total  of  247.56  miles  of  smooth  pave- 
ment, which  includes  some  private  streets 
used,  but  not  dedicated  to  the  city. 

THE  CHEAPEST  POWER  IN  THE  WORLD  IS  AT  BUFFALO. 


BUFFALO,  THE  FOURTH  COMMERCIAL  CITY  IN  THE  WORLD. 


COMMON   COUNCIL  MANUAL. 


The  Federal  Post  Office.  Foundations 
have  been  laid  and  work  is  being  prosecuted 
upon  the  superstructure  of  one  of  the  hand- 
somest post-office  buildings  in  the  United 
States,  now  being  erected  by  the  Federal 
Government,  and  which  will  occupy  the  entire 
block  bounded  by  Ellicott,  Oak,  Swan  and 
South  Division  streets.  This  noble  structure 
will  cost  12,000,000,  and,  although  work 
prosecuted  by  the  National  Government  is 
usually  slow  at  arriving  at  completion,  it  is 
fair  to  believe  that  by  1903  Buffalo  may  boast 
of  one  of  the  most  handsome  government 
buildings  in  the  country. 

A  3,ooo,ooo=Bushel   AlUSteel    Elevator. 

The  Northern  Steamship  Company  has  se- 
cured a  site  on  the  City  Ship  Canal,  opposite 
the  foot  of  Ganson  Street,  and  bids  have  been 
lot  for  the  construction  of  the  largest  grain 
elevator,  but  one,  in  the  United  States.  D. 
A.  Robinson,  of  Chicago,  will  have  charge  of 
the  work  of  construction.  The  excavating  for 
the  foundations  was  begun  on  Feb.  2(>th,  1897. 
This  structure  will  be  395  feet  long,  120  feet 
wide  and  100  feet  high.  It  will  be  the  first 
steel  structure  of  the  kind  in  the  United 
Statrs;  its  construction  will  call  for  7,000  tons 
of  material ;  its  cosl  will  be  $400,000,  and  the 


THE    MOST   CENTRAL  SHIPPING  POINT    IN  THE  COUNTRY. 


BUFFALO  HAS  A  PROVEN   POPULATION  OF  389,138. 
CITY  OF  BUFFALO.  71 

building  will  be  steel  from  bottom  up,  and 
even  the  bins  will  be  lined  with  that  material. 

What  Dundee  Says.  A  writer  in  The 
Dundee  (Scotland)  Advertiser,  of  December 
1st,  1896,  who  had  evidently  been  to  Buffalo, 
said  :  ' '  The  ports  at  the  head  of  the  lakes  may 
ship  more  grain  than  Buffalo,  but  Buffalo 
handles  it  twice  over.  Most  of  the  trunk  lines 
from  New  York  find  it  necessary  to  run  their 
own  fleets  of  steamers  on  the  lakes.  Outside 
of  Washington,  there  is  no  city  in  the  United 
States  to  compare  with  Buffalo  in  residential 
charms,  combined  with  plain  comfort ;  and 
the  most  modern  system  of  transportation 
combines  the  lake  and  rail  routes,  and  Buffalo 
has  become  their  point  of  union.  In  this  re- 
spect it  has  unique  advantages,  raising  it 
above  all  other  lake  ports  beyond  reach  of 
rivalry. ' ' 

The  London  Times,  in  November  last, 
treating  of  Niagara  power  said  :  ' '  The  Thun- 
derer knows  a  good  thing  when  it  sees  it.  It 
is  safe  to  predict  that  it  is  only  a  question  of 
time,  and  no  very  great  time,  when  all  the 
industries  in  Buffalo  requiring  power  will  re- 
ceive it  from  Niagara  Falls,  and  that  the  22 
miles  separating  the  two  cities  will  be  built 
solid  with  smokeless  and  teeming  factories, 

THE  CHEAPEST  POWER  IN  THE  WORLD  IS  AT  BUFFALO. 


BUFFALO,  THE  FOURTH  COMMERCIAL  CITY  IN  THE  WORLD. 


72  COMMON  COUNCIL  MANUAL. 


and  that  this  region  will  become  the  greatest 
manufacturing  center  on  the  American  conti- 
nent. Thus  another  imperishable  laurel  is 
added  to  the  Victorian  era. ' ' 

During  the  past  year  there  were  built  nearly 
a  score  of  large  steel  vessels,  involving  the  in- 
vestment of  over  $3,000,000,  capable  to  meet 
the  demands  of  the  carrying  trade  between 
Buffalo  and  the  Upper  Lakes ;  they  have  a 
capacity  of  transporting  1,400,000  tons  of  iron 
ore,  from  the  Upper  Lake  ports  to  the  East, 
via  Buffalo,  during  a  season. 

Markets  self-sustaining.  The  increment 
from  the  markets  of  the  City  of  Buffalo  ex- 
ceeds the  cost  of  operating  the  same,  and  has 
shown  a  revenue,  during  the  past  two  years, 
of  $1,000  per  month. 


ate- 


THE    MOST   CENTRAL  SHIPPING  POINT   IN  THE  COUNTRY. 


BUFFALO   MAS   A   PROVEN   POPULATfON   OF  389,138. 


CITY  OF  BUFFALO. 


A  STUDY  IN  ENUriERATION. 


The  statement    below    will  answer  many  questions 

propounded  through  the  mails,  concerning 

Buffalo's    population,    past    and 

present. 


Since  1820,  the  National  Government  has 
taken,  every  ten  years,  a  census  which 
showed  as  results,  regarding  Buffalo,  the  fol- 
lowing figures : 

1820 2,095 39th  city  in  the  United  States. 

1830 8,668 23d       "     "     " 

1840 18,213 18th      "     "     " 

1850 42,261 13th      "     "     " 

1860 81,129 10th      "     "     " 

1870 117,714 11th      "     "     " 

1880 155,134 14th      "     "     " 

1890 255,664 11th      "     "     " 

These  are  the  National  censuses  taken  since 
Buffalo  became  a  city,  in  every  decade,  and 
there  has  been  a  vast  accretion  to  the  growth 
of  the  city,  since  the  last  National  enumera- 
tion. 

A  State  census,  taken  in  1892,  made  Buf- 
falo's population,  in  round  numbers,  284,000. 

A  Police  census,  taken  by  the  City  in  May, 
1895,  gave  the  figures  as  335,709,  and  this  was 

THE  CHEAPEST  POWER  IN  THE  WORLD  IS  AT  BUFFALO. 


BUFFALO,  THE  FOURTH  COMMERCIAL  CITY  IN  THE  WORLD. 


74  COMMON   COUNCIL  MANUAL. 

in  the  latter  part  of  May,  when  vast  numbers 
of  persons  claiming  Buffalo  as  their  residence, 
and  actually  residing  here  eight  months  out 
of  the  twelve,  had  left  the  city  upon  business 
which  keeps  them  absent  during  the  summer 
months.  A  May  census  is  no  just  criterion  of 
the  population  of  such  a  city  as  Buffalo,  the 
maritime  interests  of  which  keep  thousands 
of  its  population  absent  from  the  city  during 
much  of  the  season  of  navigation. 

It  is  here  shown  the  population  of  Buffalo 
far  exceeds  the  375,000  inhabitants,  by  some 
last  year  believed  to  be  an  over-sanguine 
estimate. 

The  City  Directory,  published  in  1896,  con- 
tained 109,750  names,  which  for  that  year,  cal- 
culating with  a  multiple  of  three  and  one- 
half,  the  usual  factor  in  such  cases,  gives  a 
quotient  for  1896,  of  884,125. 

Now,  New  York  city,  with  an  enormous 
floating  population,  and  a  eoneededly  large 
population  of  unattached  persons — those 
without  families — according  to  the  Times 
of  that  city,  uses  the  number  five  as  the 
multiple,  which,  of  course,  in  the  case  of  Buf- 
falo, would  swell  OUT  population  marly  'Jo0,000 
more;  but  three  and  one-half  is  the  accepted 
multiple. 

THE   MOST  CENTRAL  SHIPPING  POINT   IN  THE  COUNTRY. 


BUFFALO   HAS   A   PROVEN   POPULATION   OF  389,138. 
CITY   OF  BUFFALO.  75 

Another  way  at  arriving  at  the  population 
is  by  finding  the  accurate  multiple  to  be  used 
in  connection  with  the  total  number  of  per- 
sons registered  at  the  last  Presidential  elec- 
tion, which,  in  Buffalo,  was  65, 692.  Using  the 
multiple  six  gives  a  quotient  of  394,152, 
which — taking  into  account  the  fact  that 
Buffalo's  foreign-born  and  still  unnaturalized 
population  is  probably  larger  than  that  of 
any  other  city  in  the  Union,  proportionate  to 
its  size,  as  shown  by  the  fact  that  thousands 
of  aliens,  every  year,  swing  into  line  and 
become  voters — is  a  most  conservative  multiple 
to  use,  since  seven  and  six  are  quite  com- 
monly employed  in  this  connection. 

The  concensus  of  all  which  calculations 
make  it  entirely  reasonable  to  state  that  the 
conservative  estimate  of  Buffalo's  popu- 
lation— the  population  of  a  city  essentially  of 
homes — lies  somewhere  between  the  result  of 
the  directory  estimate  and  the  result  of  the 
registration  estimate,  a  mean  between  which 
extremes  makes  the  grand  total  889, 138. 

Other  factors  are  collateral  and  corroborative 
of  these  calculations.  The  testimony  of  the 
post  office,  the  story  of  the  directory,  the  cal- 
culation on  the  registration  lists,  all  point  to 
the  conclusion  that  Buffalo's  population  has 

THE  CHEAPEST  POWER  IN  THE  WORLD  IS  AT  BUFFALO. 
4 


BUFFALO,  THE  FOURTH  COMMERCIAL  CITY  IN  THE  WORLD. 
76  COMMON   COUNCIL  MANUAL. 

always  beeu  under,  rather  than  overstated, 
for  it  is  learned  from  the  United  States  Postal 
authorities  that,  while  Buffalo  has  170  regular 
letter  carriers — and  more  have  been  asked 
for — its  next  nearest  competitors,  Detroit  and 
Cleveland,  have  a  lesser  number,  the  wants 
of  the  former  city  being  supplied  by  146  car- 
riers, and  of  the  latter  by  161  carriers.  These 
calculations  are  based  upon  plain  and  convinc- 
ing figures,  without  any  attempt  to  be  any- 
thing but  fair  in  the  matter,  and  to  arrive  at 
as  near  an  approximation  to  the  truth  as 
possible,  which  places  this  subject  upon  a 
plane  beyond  cavil  and  where  everybody  can 
make  their  own  calculations  and  reach  the 
same  results. 

And  it  should  be  remembered  in  considering 
the  directory  estimates  that  the  multiple  three 
and  one-half  is  used  upon  the  directory  of  1896, 
and  it  is  fair  to  assume  that  that  of  1897  will 
add  some  thousands  of  names  to  the  total  of 
1896. 


THE   MOST  CENTRAL  SHIPPING  POINT  IN  THE  COUNTRY. 


BUFFALO  HAS  A  PROVEN   POPULATION  OF  889.138. 


CITY  OF  BUFFALO.  77 


THE   GIANT   "NIAGARA. 


The  Mighty  Cataract  Subjugated  to  the  Uses  of  Man- 
kind—The Birth  of  the  Power  Spirit. 


Iii  1886,  public -spirited  citizens  of  Buffalo 
offered  a  reward  of  $100,000  in  cash  to  that 
master  genius  who  should  devise  practicable 
plans  for  "harnessing"  Niagara.  That  re- 
ward found  no  claimant,  and  for  years  the 
subject  lay  quiescent,  but  the  seed  sown  by 
that  offer  fell  on  fertile  ground,  and  set  to 
work  that  veritable  mammoth  of  the  ages, 
the  scientific  human  brain,  and  as  a  result,  in 
the  year  1890,  a  company  was  formed,  known 
as  the  Niagara  Falls  Power  Company,  headed 
by  such  masters  of  finance  as  D.  O.  Mills, 
Francis  Lynde  Stetson,  Edward  D.  Adams, 
Edward  A.  Wickes,  William  B.  Bankine  and 
John  Jacob  Astor. 

The  idea  of  the  men  who  offered  the  $100,  - 
000  contemplated  the  use  of  the  power  of  the 
Niagara  torrent  at  or  close  to  the  gates  of 
Buffalo  ;  but  this  company  went  further  afield 
and  conceived  the  tremendous  project  of  chain- 
ing to  commerce  the  Niagara  Cataract. 


THE  CHEAPEST  POWER  IN  THE  WORLD  IS  AT  BUFFALO, 


BUFFALO,  THE  FOURTH  COMMERCIAL  CITY  IN  THE  WORLD. 


78  COMMON  COUNCIL  MANUAL. 


FORGING  THE  FETTERS 

There  loomed  before  the  promulgators  of  this 
bold  enterprise  the  difficulty,  not  only  of  the 
actual  utilizing  of  the  cataract,  but,  further, 
and  more  commanding  in  its  apparent  impossi- 
bility, the  problem  of  transmitting,  once  har- 
nessed, that  marvelous  energy,  without  so 
great  an  expense  as  to  make  the  use  of  it  im- 
practicable to  manufacturers,  and  without  so 
great  a  loss  of  energy  in  its  transmission  as 
to  render  the  power  delivered  at  the  other  end 
of  the  line  of  insignificant  proportions  ;  but  all 
these  obstacles  were  overcome — how,  is  a 
matter  of  history — and  on  the  16th  day  of 
November,  1896,  a  little  group  of  interested 
persons  and  citizens,  who  had  been  invited  to 
be  present,  were  gathered  at  midnight  in  the 
great  Power  House  of  the  Buffalo  Railway 
Company,  on  Niagara  street,  waiting  for  the 
little  finger  of  the  giant  power  of  Niagara  to 
be  placed  on  a  piece  of  ingenious  electrical 
mechanism  in  the  City  of  Buffalo  and  to  bid  it 
revolve — the  impulse  came — and  thus  Buffalo 
and  Niagara  Falls  were  wedded.  Those  who 
were  in  the  power  house  when  the  current 
was  turned  on  and  the  first  volt  received  were  : 
George  Urban,  Jr.,  president  of  the  Cataract 
Power  &  Conduit  Company  ; Charles  K.  Hunt- 

THE   MOST   CENTRAL  SHIPPING  POINT   IN  THE  COUNTRY. 


BUFFALO   HAS   A  PROVEN   POPULATION   OF  389,138. 
CITY   OP  BUFFALO.  79 

ley,  general  manager  of  the  same  company ; 
Mayor  Jewett ;  Spencer  S.  Kingsley,  president 
of  the  Buffalo  Real  Estate  Exchange ;  Henry 
M.  Watson,  president  of  the  Buffalo  Railway 
Company,  and  half  a  dozen  others. 

HOW  THE  POWER  WAS  FIRST  RECEIVED. 

The  story  of  the  accomplished  achievement 
was  told  in  these  graphic  terms  in  the  columns 
of  a  newspaper  the  next  day : 

' '  Then  the  coil  in  one  of  the  big  black 
machines  began  to  turn.  It  started  with 
steady,  easy  revolutions.  A  splutter  of  sparks, 
blue  and  white  and  yellow,  flashed  from  it. 
There  was  a  scratching  sound,  like  sandpaper 
scraping  hard  wood.  Then  came  a  heavy 
buzz.  Faster  and  faster  whirled  the  coil. 
The  buzz  thickened  into  a  rushing  roar. 
The  vision  blurred  in  following  the  circling 
coil  and  the  big  machine  seemed  to  be  motion- 
less, so  fast  did  the  converter  work.  Not  a 
tremble,  not  a  quiver,  only  a  great  roaring 
black  mass,  with  the  center  rushing  round 
and  round  in  a  wild  whirl.  The  watchers 
gazed  in  silence  for  a  moment.  Then  they 
began  to  applaud.  Then  they  laughed  de- 
lightedly and  shook  hands.  Outside  a  cannon 
boomed.       Its  explosion  sounded  like  a  mere 

THE  CHEAPEST  POWER  IN  THE  WORLD  IS  AT  BUFFALO 


BUFFALO,  THE  FOURTH  COMMERCIAL  CITY  IN  THE  WORLD. 


80  COMMON  COUNCIL  MANUAL. 

tapping  of  the  heel  on  a  carpeted  floor  to  those 
inside  the  power  house.  Londer  buzzed  the 
big  converter.  The  alternating  ammeter 
showed  200  volts  at  the  end  of  45  seconds.  In 
two  minutes,  the  indicator  had  passed  350 
volts  and  was  trembling  on  toward  400.  In 
just  four  minutes  and  30  seconds,  it  touched 
550  volts.  The  watchers  moved  back  to  talk 
it  over.  The  Niagara  power  was  in  Buffalo 
at  last." 

THE  HARVEST  OF  PERSISTENT  ENDEAVOR. 

At  the  moment  when  the  first  premonitory 
thrill  was  felt  in  the  transmitter  at  Buffalo, 
and  the  first  appulse  given  to  the  dynamo  in 
the  street  railway  company's  power  house, 
the  union  of  Buffalo  and  Niagara  Falls  was 
completed,  and  a  miracle  of  science  was  ac- 
complished. To  send  a  few  words,  by  an 
electric  current,  under  three  thousand  miles 
of  ocean  was  a  great  deed  in  its  day,  but  to 
transmit  the  tremendous  forces  of  Niagara 
over  27  miles  of  upland  and  lowland,  to 
turn  the  wheels  of  industry  in  Buffalo,  was 
more  marvelous  still. 

J[For  years,  the  mightiest  geniuses  of  the 
electrical  world  had  centered  their  attention 
nponJ-heJNiagara "problem,   and  scientists    of 


THE    MOST   CENTRAL  SHIPPING  POINT   IN  THE  COUNTRY 


BUFFALO   HAS   A   PROVEN    POPULATION   OF  889,138. 
CITY   OF   BUFFALO.  81 

all  nations  had  sought  as  eagerly  for  the 
answer  to  the  riddle  as  did  ever  the  alchemists 
of  old  to  transmute  the  baser  metals  into  gold, 
and  most  of  them  had  sought  in  vain — but 
not  all. 

THE  WIZARD,  TESLA. 

A  gaunt,  young  seer,  with  dark  and  brood- 
ing eyes,  first  saw  through  the  mist  and 
doubts  of  the  future,  the  truth  shining  forth 
serene  and  clear :  This  was  Nikola  Tesla, 
He  had  predicted,  years  before,  that  the 
transmission  of  power  from  the  Niagara 
Cataract  to  Buffalo  was  as  certain  as  the 
rising  of  the  sun  next  morning,  and  his 
confidence  in  the  future  of  this  section  of 
country  was  absolute  from  the  moment  when 
the  possibility  of  practical  electrical  trans- 
mission became  clear  in  his  mind.  He 
became  identified  with  the  men  interested  in 
the  power  project  and  worked  for  many 
months  on  his  idea,  Later  when  his  dream 
was  nearly  realized,  in  a  newspaper  inter- 
view, July  20,  1896,  he  said:  "This  power 
plant  is  one  of  the  wonders  of  this  century, 
it  is  a  marvel  in  its  completeness  and  in  its 
superiority  of  construction.  When  it  shall 
be  in  full  operation  the  results  in  many 
ways   will   be    wonderful,    will    be   surpris- 

THE  CHEAPEST   POWER  IN  THE  WORLD  IS  AT  BUFFALO. 


BUFFALO,  THE  FOURTH  COMMERCIAL  CITY  IN  THE  WORLD. 
82  COMMON  COUNCIL  MANUAL. 

ing  to  those  who  have  doubted  that  such 
things  could  be  accomplished.  In  its  entirety, 
in  connection  with  Buffalo  and  the  possibili- 
ties of  the  future,  the  plant  and  the  prospect 
of  future  development  in  electrical  science, 
are  my  ideals.  They  are  what  I  have  long 
anticipated  and  have  labored  in  an  insignifi- 
cant way  to  contribute  toward  bringing  about, 
and  this  wonderful  development  of  electric 
power  will  make  Buffalo  the  greatest  city  in 
the  world,  if  I  mistake  not.  The  possibilities 
are  unknown  and  unlimited.  Buffalo  must 
in  time  reap  advantages  from  this  wonderful 
development  of  power,  which  none  of  us 
dare  guess,  and  which  even  the  most  far- 
seeing  cannot  anticipate.  The  first  effects 
naturally  will  be  to  the  advantage  of  the  Falls. 
But  Buffalo  will  be  the  greatest  reaper  of 
benefits.  The  result  of  this  great  develop- 
ment of  electric  power  will  be  that  the  two 
cities  will  reach  out  their  arms  and  will  join 
each  other  and  become  one  grand  muni- 
cipality. United  they  will  form  the  greatest 
city  in  the  world. ' ' 


THE    MOST   CENTRAL  SHIPPING  POINT   IN  THE  COUNTRY. 


BUFFALO   HAS   A   PROVEN   POPULATION   OF  389,138. 


CITY  OF  BUFFALO.  83 


AN  ELECTRIC   BANQUET. 


The  Unique  Dinner  at  the  Ellicott   Club   in   Buffalo 

which  Celebrated  the  Advent  of 

Niagara  Power. 


Ou  January  12,  1897,  summoned  by  invita- 
tion of  the  Cataract  Power  &  Conduit  Com- 
pany, there  gathered  in  the  banquet  hall  of 
the  Ellicott  Club,  in  Buffalo — a  banquet  hall 
unequaled  in  beauty  and  spaciousness  in  the 
country,  and  occupying  a  commanding  posi- 
tion on  the  top  floor  of  the  largest  office  build- 
ing in  the  world — from  all  points  in  the 
United  States,  men  learned  in  science  and 
distinguished  in  letters,  already  signalized  by 
their  brilliant  deeds  and  daring  enterprise,  to 
banquet  with  the  Power  Company,  in  cele- 
bration of  the  great  event  before  described. 
Covers  were  laid  for  350  guests,  and  there  were 
no  vacant  chairs. 

The  banquet  was  the  blossom  of  prophecy, 
and  the  banqueters  hailed,  by  their  presence, 
the  inauguration  of  a  new  era  for  Buffalo,  The 
Age  of  Electricity. 

THE  CHEAPEST   POWER  IN  THE  WORLD  IS  AT  BUFFALO. 


BUFFALO,  THE  FOURTH  COMMERCIAL  CITY  IN  THE  WORLD. 


84  COMMON  COUNCIL  MANUAL. 


DISTINGUISHED   GUESTS. 

At  this  banquet,  George  Urban,  Jr. ,  Charles 
R.  Huntley  and  William  B.  Rankine,  allot  the 
Niagara  Falls  Power  Company,  did  the  honors  ; 
and  there  were  seated  at  the  guest  table  with 
them  Francis  Lynde  Stetson,  of  New  York, 
representing  the  interest  in  the  power  enter- 
prise of  millions  of  metropolitan  capital ; 
Nikola  Tesla,  the  electrical  wizard  of  the 
world ;  Charles  F.  Brush,  father  of  the  Brush 
Electric  Light  system  ;  Frank  Sprague,  inven- 
tor of  the  electric  trolley  ;  Elihu  Thompson, 
of  Lynn,  Mass.  ;  William  Stanley,  of  Pittsburg, 
one  of  the  first  believers  in  the  alternating 
current,  and  an  inventor  of  no  mean  ability ; 
T.  Cummerford  Martin,  editor  of  the  Electric 
Engineer  of  New  York  city,  and  many  others 
of  equal  distinction. 

LOCAL  ELECTRIC  PIONEERS. 

It  may  be  said,  while  on  the  subject  of 
electricity,  although  not  entirely  germain  to 
the  power  subject,  that  James  Adams  may, 
practically,  be  called  the  father  of  practical 
electricity  in  Buffalo,  and  with  Daniel  O'Day 
and  John  M.  Brinker,  was  the  first  investor  of 
substantial  capital  in  the  business  of  electric 
lighting   in   this  city.     Of   these   three,  Mr. 


THE   MOST  CENTRAL  SHIPPING  POINT   IN  THE  COUNTRY. 


BUFFALO  HAS  A  PROVEN   POPULATION  OF  389,138. 
CITY  OF  BUFFALO.  85 

O'Day's  name  stands  forth  pre-eminent  as  the 
generous  and  farsighted  investor  of  large 
amounts  in  electric-light  and  Standard-Oil  en- 
terprises, and  one  of  the  master  stockholders 
in  the  Niagara  Falls  Power  Company. 

It  is  regretable  that  space  forbids  more  ex- 
tended excerpts  from  speeches  made  on  that 
memorable  occasion  ;  suffice  it  to  say,  however, 
that  the  concensus  of  opinion  there  expressed 
was  to  the  effect  that  Buffalo  stands  upon  the 
threshold  of  conquest  and  is  destined  to  un- 
equaled  precedence  in  the  procession  of  cities. 
At  that  banquet  of  giants  the  arch-wizard, 
Tesla,  said,  among  other  things  : 

HIS  DREAM   CAME  TRUE. 

' '  In  the  great  enterprise  at  Niagara  we  see 
not  only  a  bold  engineering  and  commercial 
feat,  but  far  more,  a  giant  stride  in  the  right 
direction,  as  indicated  both  by  exact  science 
and  philanthropy.  Its  success  is  a  signal  for 
the  utilization  of  water  powers  all  over  the 
world,  and  its  influence  upon  industrial  de- 
velopment is  incalculable.  This  fortunate 
city  herself  is  to  be  congratulated.  With  re- 
sources so  unequaled,  with  commercial  facil- 
ities and  advantages  such  as  few  cities  in  the 
world  possess,  and  with  the  enthusiasm  and 
progressive  spirit  of  its  citizens,  it  is  sure  to 

THE  CHEAPEST  POWER  IN  THE  WORLD  IS  AT  BUFFALO. 


BUFFALO,  THE  FOURTH  COMMERCIAL  CITY  IN  THE  WORLD. 
86  COMMON   COUNCIL  MANUAL. 

become  one  of  the  greatest  industrial   centers 
of  the  globe. ' ' 

And  it  should  be  remembered  that  this  man, 
Tesla,  was  the  one  electrical  genius  of  the 
world  who  insisted,  against  the  stress  of  the 
opinions  of  others,  then  more  famous,  that 
electrical  power  generated  at  Niagara  Falls 
could,  through  the  alternating  current,  be 
transmitted  for  manufacturing  purposes  to 
Buffalo,  with  so  small  a  loss  of  energy  as  to 
make  it  salable  in  this  city  at  a  lower  price 
than  power  generated  by  steam,  and  earn  a 
substantial  increment  to  its  projectors. 


II 


THE   MOST  CENTRAL  SHIPPING  POINT   IN  THE  COUNTRY. 


BUFFALO  HAS  A  PROVEN   POPULATION  OF  389,138. 


CITY  OF  BUFFALO.  87 


AflOUNTS  PAID  FOR  LICENSES. 


The   Low  Rates   Imposed  on   Those   Doing  Business 
Under  Buffalo  City  Ordinances. 


Auctioneers,  $50  per  year. 
Butchers,  $15  per  year. 
Billposters,  $50  per  year. 
Fish  Dealers,  $10  per  year. 
Junk  Dealers — 

Wholesale,  $25  per  year. 

With  horse,  $3  per  year. 

On  foot  ,  $1  per  year. 
Pawnbrokers,  $250  per  year. 
Billiard  or  pool  tables  and  bowling  alleys,  $5 

per  year,  each. 
Peddlers,  $2  to  $4  per  month. 
Plumbers,  $10  per  year. 
Shows,  theatres,  $50  per  year. 
Music  Playing  on  street,  $2  per  month. 
Vault  cleaners,  $50  per  year. 
Collectors  of  Dead  Animals,  $50  per  year. 
Wagons — 

Team,  $5  per  year. 

One  horse,  $1  per  year. 

Hack  and  Carriage,  $5  per  year. 

THE  CHEAPEST   POWER  IN  THE  WORLD  IS  AT  BUFFALO. 


BUFFALO,  THE  FOURTH  COMMERCIAL  CITY  IN  THE  WORLD. 
88  COMMON  COUNCIL  MANUAL. 

SUGGESTIVE  FIGURES  ABOUT 
BUFFALO. 

From  the  date  of  its  incorporation  until 
1870  the  Buffalo  censuses,  taken  together,  on 
an  average,  showed  a  growth  of  20,000  every 
10  years,  or  2,000  a  year. 

From  1880  to  1890  the  population  increased 
from  154,546  to  254,457,  or  10,000  a  year,  and 
then  the  race-horse  period  of  growth  began. 
The  following  table  estimates  the  phenom- 
enal accretions  of  later  years  in  rather  under 
than  over  the  correct  figures  of  increase. 
i89o  to  1801,  increase   ...         20,000 

Total 274,457 

i89i  to  1892,  increase 20,000 

Total 294,457 

1892  to  1893,  increase...         20,000 
Total 314.457 

1893  to  1894,  increase...         20,000 
Total 334.457 

1894  to  1895,  increase...        20,000 
Total 354.457 

1895  to  1896,  increase ..  .        20,000 
Total 374.457 

1896  to    1897,    increase 

same  ratio 394.457 


THE  MOST  CENTRAL  SHIPPING  POINT  IN  THE  COUNTRY. 


BUFFALO  HAS  A   PROVEN   POPULATION   OF  389,138. 
CITY  OF  BUFFALO.  89 

Taking  the  calculation  based  on  a  multipli- 
cation of  the  number  of  persons  registered  at 
the  last  election  by  the  multiple  six,  the  result 
is  393, 522,  which  came  pretty  close  to  demon- 
strating the  accuracy  of  the  above  table. 

These  are  round-number  figures,  and  un- 
doubtedly understate  the  facts.  Growth  is 
cumulative.  So  that  it  may  be  stated  as  a 
conservative  estimate  that  at  the  present 
rate  of  increase  this  city  will  have  a  popula- 
tion of  over  half  a  million  inhabitants  by 
1900,  and  probably  before. 


THE  CHEAPEST   POWER  IN  THE  WORLD  IS  AT  BUFFALO. 


BUFFALO,  THE  FOURTH  COMMERCIAL  CITY  IN  THE  WORLD 


90  COMMON  COUNCIL  MANUAL. 


CENSUS  PROOFS  IN  BLACK  AND  WHITE. 


By  Decades : 

Average  10  years'  growth,  1832  to  1880= 
20,000  per  decade. 

1880  to  1890,   10  years'   growth,    10,000  a 
year=100,000. 

By  Years: 

Average  years'  growth,  between  1832  and 
1880—2,000. 


One  year's  growth,    1896  to  1897=20.000. 


The  rate  of  growth  in  any  single  year  since 
1890  is  hence  seen  to  eqnal  that  achieved  in 
any  of  the  decades  prior  to  1880,  and  1896  is 
estimated  to  have  added  at  least  30,000  to  the 
population,  although  the  figures  in  the  table 
of  growth  modestly  put  it  at  the  old  rat*'  at 
20,000— making  the  total  result  as  Btated, 
394,457. 

THE   MOST   CENTRAL  SHIPPING  POINT   IN  THE  COUNTRY. 


BUFFALO   HAS   A   PROVEN   POPULATION   OF  389,138. 


CITY  OF  BUFFALO.  01 


FKOfl  THE  WATCH  TOWERS  OF  SCIENCE. 


Facts,  Figures  and  Statements  Proving  Buffalo  One 
of  the  Healthiest  Cities  in  the  World. 


Buffalo  has  a  perfectly -equipped  Health  De- 
partment, which  is  fast  becoming  a  model  by 
which  other  cities  delight  to  pattern,  and 
with  good  reason,  for  its  work  has  borne  fruit 
in  a  most   startling  and   gratifying  manner. 

Just  where  the  limits  of  possibilities  end,  in 
respect  to  the  results  accomplished  by  the  De- 
partment of  Health  of  Buffalo,  is  difficult  to 
conjecture.  It  was  believed  in  1895  that  the 
death  rate  had  reached  its  minimum,  when  it 
stood  lower  than  that  of  any  other  city  of  its 
size  in  the  world  ;  but  the  year  1896  established 
a  still  more  favorable  standard.  It  is  the  aim 
of  the  Department  to  retain  Buffalo  perma- 
nently in  the  front  rank  in  this  respect,  and 
if  vigilance  and  progressiveness  count,  then 
this  object  will  be  accomplished. 

A  brief  study  of  the  figures,  as  taken  from 
the  summaries  of  the  Bureau  of  Vital  Statis- 
tics, will  furnish  an  interesting  object  lesson  : 


THE  CHEAPEST   POWER  IN  THE  WORLD  IS  AT  BUFFALO. 


BUFFALO,  THE  FOURTH  COMMERCIAL  CITY  IN  THE  WORLD. 
92  COMMON   COUNCIL  MANUAL. 

Rate  per  1,000 
Year.  No.  of  Deaths.  Population. 

1891 6,001 23.48 

1892 5,69? 19.98 

1893 5,711  19.03 

1894 5,280 16.76 

1895 4,684 13.95 

1896     4,452 12.72 

Although  the  population  of  Buffalo  in- 
creased over  100,000  since  1891,  yet  there  has 
been  steady  decrease  both  in  the  number  of 
deaths  and  the  rate.  The  former  is  shown  in 
the  following  table : 

Decrease  in  deaths  over  1891 1,549 

"     1892 1.245 

"     1893 1,259 

"     1894 828 

"     1895 232 


It  has  long  been  observed,  that  the  greatest 
proportionate  mortality  occurred  in  children 
under  five  years  of  age,  and  great  efforts  have 
therefore  been  directed  towards  lessening  the 
mortality  during  that  period  of  life.  After 
passing  the  age  of  childhood,  a  Buffalonian's 
chances  for  longevity  are  good.  In  the  past 
year  a  great  reduction  took  place  in  the  death 
rate  of  infants.  Much  of  this  can  be  attributed 
to  measures  adopted  by  this  department. 

Circulars  giving  valuable  information  on 
the  care  of  infants  are  sent  to  the  mothers 

THE   MOST  CENTRAL  SHIPPING  POINT  IN  THE  COUNTRY. 


BUFFALO  HAS  A  PROVEN  POPULATION  OP  389,138. 
CITY   OF  BUFFALO.  93 

on  the  threshold  of  each  summer,  instructing 
them  as  to  means  of  prevention  of  summer 
deseases  of  infants,  and  vigorous  inspections, 
reaching  to  its  source,  are  constantly  made 
of  the  milk  supply,  and  both  producers  and 
dealers  are  kept  under  strict  supervision. 

Consumption  in  adults  and  diphtheria  in 
children  have  long  been  important  factors  in 
the  causation  of  deaths  in  this  and  other 
northern  cities  ;  hence  it  was  but  natural  that 
extraordinary  efforts  should  be  made  in  this 
direction. 

About  two  years  ago  an  order  was  issued  by 
this  department  requiring  physicians  to  report 
all  cases  of  pulmonary  tuberculosis  which  came 
under  their  care.  Circulars  pertaining  to  the 
mode  of  infection,  comparative  isolation  and 
care  of  patients  are  sent  to  those  mostly  inter- 
ested, and  other  means  adopted  to  lessen,  as 
much  as  possible,  the  progress  of  this  disease. 

Although  this  may,  to  a  certain  extent,  be 
a  system  of  education,  yet  it  in  no  way  con- 
flicts with  the  prerogatives  of  the  attending 
physician. 

It  is  gratifying  to  learn  that  the  City  of 
New  York  has  just  adopted  similar  measures. 

Although  in  such  a  large  city  we  are  never 
entirely  without  diphtheria,  yet  the   prevail - 

THE  CHEAPEST  POWER  IN  THE  WORLD  IS  AT  BUFFALO. 


BUFFALO,  THE  FOURTH  COMMERCIAL  CITY  IN  THE  WORLD. 
94  COMMON   COUNCIL  MANUAL. 

ing  system  enforced  by  the  department  has 
kept  its  progress  so  well  in  check  that  it  has 
never  been  necessary  to  close  up  a  school  on 
this  account.  The  early  diagnosis  afforded  by 
the  bacteriological  examinations  has  given 
physicians  great  advantage  in  successfully 
combating  this  malady,  and  the  results  are 
apparent. 

During  the  year  1896  there  were  8,414  births 
and  2,525  marriages. 

Other  channels  and  methods  through  which 
this  desirable  result  is  sought  for  may  be  re- 
ferred to  in  emphasizing  their  import,  viz.  : 
the  strict  enforcement  of  judicious  sanitary 
ordinances,  particularly  relating  to  plumbing 
and  drainage,  general  sanitary  supervision  of 
milk  and  food  supplies,  thorough  inspection  of 
cattle  and  markets,   etc. 


THE   MOST   CENTRAL  SHIPPING  POINT   IN  THE  COUNTRY. 


JACOB    KISSINGER, 
President  of  the  Board  of  Aldermen 


LEGISLATIVE    .     . 


BRANCHES 


OF    THE 


CITY  GOVERNMENT 


FOR  1897. 


BUFFALO  HAS  A  PROVEN   POPULATION  OF  389,138. 
CITY  OF  BUFFALO.  99 

MEMBERS  OF  THE  BOARD  OF  ALDER- 
MEN. 

Jacob  Kissinger,  President. 


FIRST  WARD. 

JOHN  J.  COUGHLIN.— Elected  Novembers, 
1895.  Plurality  4.  Business,  No.  335 
Gansou  Street.  Residence,  No.  335  Ganson 
Street.  Telephone,  none. 

SECOND  WARD. 

JOHN  P.  SULLIVAN.— Elected  November  6, 
1894.  Plurality  547.  Business,  No.  119 
Chicago  Street.  Residence,  No.  12  Ham- 
burg  Street.    Telephone,    ' '  Seneca  1032. ' ' 

THIRD  WARD. 

JOSEPH  BUTLER.— Elected  November  6, 
1894.  Plurality  85.  Business,  No.  204 
Seneca  Street.  Residence  same.  Tele- 
phone, none. 

FOURTH  WARD. 

JOHN  WALSH.— Elected  November  6,  1894. 
Plurality  358.  Residence  No.  213  Van 
Rensselaer  Street.  Business  95  Franklin 
Street.     Telephone,  "Seneca  916. 

THE  CHEAPEST   POWER  IN  THE  WORLD  IS  AT  BUFFALO. 


BUFFALO,  THE  FOURTH  COMMERCIAL  CITY  IN  THE  WORLD. 
100  COMMON  COUNCIL  MANUAL. 

FIFTH  WARD. 

WILLIAM  SUMMERS.  —Elected  November  6, 

1894.  Plurality  213.  Business,  No.  20 
Washington  Market.  Residence,  No.  1207 
Seneca  Street.  Telephone,  "Hamburg 
44-1. ' ' 

SIXTH  WARD. 

CHARLES  KIEFER.— Elected   November  (5, 

1894.  Plurality  108.  Business,  No.  208 
Ellicott  Street,  Residence,  474  Oak  Street. 
Telephone,  "Seneca  1235. " 

SEVENTH  WARD. 

EDWARD      J.      G.      SCHAEFER.—  Elected 

November  5,  1895.  Plurality  130.    Business, 

No.  108  Ellicott  Street.  Residence,  No.  04 

Walnut  Street,    Telephone,  ' '  Seneca  1080. ' ' 

EIGHTH  WARD. 

ADAM  DURR.— Elected  November  5,  1895. 
Plurality  338.  Business,  No.  270  Jefferson 
Street.    Residence  same.    Telephone,  none. 

NINTH  WARD. 

JOHNO.  G.  ROBERT.— Elected  November  5, 

1895.  Plurality  382.  Business,  No.  191 
Sherman  Street.  Residence,  same.  Tele- 
phone,  ' '  Howard  53. ' ' 

TENTH  WARD. 

ADAM    BOECKEL.— Elected    November  6, 


THE   MOST  CENTRAL  SHIPPING  POINT   IN  THE  COUNTRY. 


BUFFALO   HAS  A  PROVEN   POPULATION  OF  389,133. 
CITY  OF  BUFFALO.  101 

1894  Plurality  373.  Business,  No.  685 
Clinton  Street.  Residence,  same.  Tele- 
phone, "Howard  216." 

ELEVENTH  WARD. 

JAMES  SMITH.— Elected  November  5,  1895. 
Plurality  220.  Business,  Stock  Yards. 
Residence,  No.  30  Cassy  Street.  Tele- 
phone, "Howard  280." 

TWELFTH  WARD. 

SAMUEL  CALDWELL.— Elected  November 
5,  1895.  Plurality  527.  Business,  No.  338 
Pine  Street.  Residence,  same.  Tele- 
phone, none. 

THIRTEENTH  WARD. 

JOHN  KICK.— Elected  November  6,  1894. 
Plurality  544.  Business,  No.  475  Adams 
Street.  Residence,  same.  Telephone, 
none. 

FOURTEENTH  WARD. 

CHARLES  P.  WOLTZ.— Elected  November 
5,  1895.  Plurality  388.  Business,  No. 
1125  Genesee  Street.  Residence,  same. 
Telephone,  ' '  Howard  383  A. ' ' 

FIFTEENTH  WARD. 

JACOB  KISSINGER.— Elected  November  5, 
1895.     Plurality    224.       Business,    No.     12 


THE  CHEAPEST  POWER  IN   THE  WORLD  IS  AT  BUFFALO. 


BUFFALO,  THE  FOURTH  COMMERCIAL  CITY  IN  THE  WORLD. 


102  COMMON  COUNCIL  MANUAL. 

Washington  Market.     Residence,    No.  581 
Oak  Street    Telephone,    "Seneca  1142. " 

SIXTEENTH  WARD. 

FREDERICK  A.  MENGE.— Elected  Novem- 
ber 6,  1894.  Plurality  440.  Business,  No. 
480  Genesee  Street.  Residence,  same. 
Telephone,  ' '  Howard  200. ' ' 

SEVENTEENTH   WARD. 

FREDERICK  W.  M.  HEERWAGEN.— Elect- 
ed November  5,  1895.  Plurality  1,031. 
Residence,  No.  286  Glemvood  Avenue. 
Telephone,  none. 

EIGHTEENTH  WARD. 

GEORGE  ZOELLER.—  Elected  November  5, 
1895.  Plurality  172.  Residence,  No.  767 
Glenwood  Avenue.     Telephone,  none. 

NINETEENTH  WARD. 

JOHN  J.  KENNEDY.— Elected  November  6, 
1894.  Plurality  335.  Business,  corner  West 
Eagle  and  Pearl  Streets.  Residence,  No. 
320  Front  Avenue.  Telephone,  "Seneca 
581." 

TWENTIETH  WARD. 

JAMES  FRANKLIN.— Elected  November  6, 
1894.  Plurality  842.  Business,  No.  329 
Niagara  Street,  Residence,  No.  222  Pros- 
pect   Avenue.     Telephone,     ' '  Tupper  56. ' ' 


THE   MOST  CENTRAL  SHIPPING  POINT  IN  THE  COUNTRY. 


BUFFALO  HAS  A  PROVEN   POPULATION  OF  389,138. 
CITY  OF  BUFFALO.  103 

TWENTY=FIRST  WARD. 

FRANK  MAISCHOSS.— Elected  November  5, 
1895.  Plurality  995.  Business,  No.  57 
Chicago  Street.  Residence,  No.  64  Day's 
Park.     Telephone,  ' '  Seneca  1455. ' ' 

TWENTY=SECOND  WARD. 

CLIFFORD  S.  A.  COE.— Elected  November 
5,  1895.  Plurality  80.2.  Business,  No.  95 
Franklin  Street  room  No.  1.  Residence, 
No.  706  Prospect  Avenue.  Telephone 
« '  Seneca  916. ' ' 

TWENTY=THIRD  WARD. 

JOSEPH  C.  VELING.— Elected  November  6, 
1894.  Plurality  1,134.  Residence,  No.  169 
Eighteenth  Street.  Telephone,  Engine 
House  No.   17,  "  Seneca  040.  " 

TWENTY=FOURTH  WARD. 

ROBERT  K.  SMITHER.— Elected  November 
5,  1895.  Plurality  1,792.  Business,  No. 
588  Niagara  Street  and  No.  279  Bryant 
Street.  Residence,  No.  450  Elmwood  Ave- 
nue. Telephone,  "Tupper  241  -A  and  241- 
D.  " 

TWENTY-FIFTH  WARD. 

WILLIAM  H.  BRADISH.—  Elected  Novem- 
ber 0,  1894.  Plurality  020.  Business,  No. 
209  Real  Estate  Exchange.  Telephone 
1 '  Seneca  153.  "  Residence,  No.  162  Dear- 
born Street.     Telephone,  ' '  Amherst  12. " 

THE  CHEAPEST  POWER  IN   THE  WORLp  IS  AT  BUFFALO. 


BUFFALO,  THE  FOURTH  COMMERCIAL  CITY  IN  THE  WORLD. 


104  COMMON   COUNCIL  MANUAL. 


STANDING  COnniTTEES 

OF  THE 

BOARD    OF     ALDERMEN. 

FOR  1897. 


Finance — Smither,  Franklin,    Bradish,   Sum- 
mers, Walsh. 
Ordinances— Kissinger,     Smither,     Boeckel, 

Bradish,  Coe,  Summers,  Kiefer. 
Schools — Boeckel,    Maischoss,    Robert,    Coe, 

Schaefer,  Menge,  Kiefer. 
Streets — Franklin,  Coe,  Boeckel,   Maischoss, 

Kick,  Caldwell,  Summers. 
SEWERS— Woltz,  Schaefer,    lleerwagen,     Vel- 

ing,  Zoeller,  Smith,  Walsh. 
Fjre— Menge,     Bradish,     Coughlin,     Walsh, 

Butler. 
Bridges— Coughlin,    Caldwell,    Woltz,    Ken 

nedy,  Kiefer. 
Water— Kick,  Schaefer,  Franklin,  lleerwagen, 

Smith. 
Public  Buildings— Schaefer,  Veling,  Menge, 

Walsh,  Butler. 
CLAIMS— riaiscflOSS,  Smither,  Woltz,  Bradish, 

Summers. 


IHE    MOST   CENTRAL  SHIPPING  POINT   IN  THE  COUNTRY. 


BUFFALO   HAS   A   PROVEN   POPULATION   OF  389,138. 
CITY   OF  BUFFALO.  l05 

Poor— Zoeller,  Robert,  Durr,  Woltz,  Kiefer. 

Side  and  Crosswalks — Veling,  Coughlin, 
Zoeller,  Sullivan,  Smith. 

Lamps— Heerwagen,  Caldwell,  Kick,  Cough- 
lin, Kennedy. 

Taxes  and  Assessments— Brad  ish,  Durr, 
Woltz,  Butler,  Sullivan. 

Police— Caldwell,  Franklin,  Zoeller,   Robert, 

Kennedy. 
Sanitary  Measures— Menge,  Franklin,  Mais- 

choss,  Kiefer,  Kennedy. 

Wharves  and  Harbors  —  Coe,  Boeckel, 
Coughlin,  Kennedy,  Sullivan. 

Public  Grounds— Robert,  Heerwagen,  Vel- 
ing, Durr,  Smith. 

Markets— flaischoss,  Schaefer,  Boeckel,  Heer- 
wagen, Sullivan. 

Licenses— Durr,  Veling,  Zoeller,  Butler, 
Walsh. 

Investigating— Smither,  Robert,  Caldwell, 
Summers,  Smith. 

Fourth  of  July— Bradish,  Kick,  Menge,  Coe, 
Butler. 

Rules— Durr,  Smither,  Kick,  Sullivan  and  the 
President. 

THE  CHEAPEST   POWER  IN   THE  WORLD  IS  AT  BUFFALO, 


BUFFALO.  THE  FOURTH  COMMERCIAL  CITY  IN  THE  WORLD. 


106  COMMON   COUNCIL  MANUAL. 


COMMITTEE    MEETINGS. 

Regular  meetings  of  the  Committees  of  the 
Board  of  Aldermen  are  scheduled  for  Thursday 
nights  at  7. 30,  subject  to  change  by  the  chair- 
men. Meetings  are  announced  before  adjourn- 
ment in  the  Board  of  Aldermen  each  Monday. 

The  announcements  are  to  be  found  in  the 
official  paper  each  Tuesday  at  the  end  of  the 
minutes  of  the  Council  proceedings. 


4H 


THE   MOST   CENTRAL   SHIPPING  POINT   IN  THE  COUNTRY. 


BUFFALO  HAS  A  PROVEN   POPULATION  OF  389,138. 
CITY  OF  BUFFALO.  107 

ORDER  OF  BUSINESS 

OP  THE 

BOARD    OF    ALDERHEN. 


1.  Reading,    correcting  and  approving  the 

journal  of  the  last  session. 

2.  Communications  from  the  Mayor. 

3.  Reports  and  communications  from   Cor- 

poration officers. 
jComptroller. 
/Treasurer. 

Corporation  Counsel. 
^-Department  of  Public  Works. 
^Department  of  Health. 

Superintendent  of  Education. 

Overseer  of  the  Poor. 

Assessors. 

City  Clerk. 

Fire  Commissioners, 
.^department  of  Police. 

THE  CHEAPEST  POWER  IN  THE  WORLD  IS  AT  BUFFALO. 


BUFFALO.  THE  FOURTH  COMMERCIAL  CITY  IN  THE  WORLD. 


108  COMMON   COUNCIL  MANUAL. 


Police  Justice. 

Miscellaneous  Communications. 

4.  Petitions,  Remonstrances  and  Accounts. 

5.  Motions,  Resolutions  and  Notices. 

6.  Reports  of  Standing  Committes. 

7.  Reports  of  Special  Committees. 

8.  Committee  of  the  Whole. 

9.  Unfinished   Business. 

10.  Announcement  of  Committee   Meetings. 

11.  Adjournment. 


*m 


THE   MOST   CENTRAL  SHIPPING  POINT   IN  THE  COUNTRY. 


CHRISTIAN   KLINCK, 
President  of  the  Board  of  Councilmen. 


BUFFALO   HAS   A   PROVEN   POPULATION   OF  389,138. 


CITY  OF  BUFFALO.  Ill 


riEflBERS  OF  THE  BOARD  OF  COUNCIL^ 

MEN. 


CHRISTIAN  KLINCK,  President  —  Term 
expires,  January  1,  1898.  Vote  received, 
28,913.  Business,  No.  101  East  Market 
Street.  Telephone,  "  Seneca  391,"  Pack- 
ing House  Telephone,  ' '  Seneca  391  A. ' ' 
Residence,  No.  144  Swan  Street.  Tele- 
phone, "Seneca  306." 

JAMES  N.  ADAM.— Term  expires  January  1, 
1900.  Vote  received,  24,753.  Business, 
No.  389  Main  Street.  Residence,  No.  60 
Oakland  Place.  Telephone,  "Seneca  649" 
and  « '  Bryant  360. ' ' 

JAMES  ASH.— Term  expires  January  1,  1898. 
Vote  received,  29,270.  Business,  corner 
Niagara  Street  and  West  Avenue.  Resi- 
dence, No.  291  Porter  Avenue.  Telephones, 
' '  Amherst  27-A. ' '  and  ' '  Amherst  27-D. ' ' 

MICHAEL  J.  BYRNE.— Term  expires 
January  1,  1898.  Vote  received,  27,679. 
Business,  No.  44  Builders'  Exchange. 
Residence,  No.  394  Fargo  Avenue.  Tele- 
phone, ' '  Seneca  137. ' ' 

THE  CHEAPEST  POWER  IN  THE  WORLD  IS  AT  BUFFALO. 
5 


BUFFALO,  THE  FOURTH  COMMERCIAL  CITY  IN  THE  WORLD. 
112  COMMON   COUNCIL  MANUAL. 

A.  FRANK  GORSKI.  —Term  expires  January 
1,  1898.  Vote  received,  27,019.  Business, 
No.  126  Townsend  Street.  Residence, 
same.     Telephone,  ' '  Howard  258. ' ' 

ANDREW  J.  KELLER.— Term  expires 
January  1,  1898.  Vote  received,  30,750. 
Business,  No.  757  Seneca  Street.  Resi- 
dence same.     Telephone,     "Howard  108." 

HENRY  C.  STEUL.— Term  expires  January 
1,  1898.  Vote  received,  30,657.  Business, 
No.  278  Johnson  Street.  Residence,  No. 
561  East  Utica  Street.  Telephone, 
"Howard  175-Q. " 

CHARLES  H.  UTLEY.— Term  expires 
January  1,  1900.  Vote  received,  34,044. 
Business,  No.  82  Pearl  Street.  Residence. 
No.  263  Summer  Street.  Telephones, 
' '  Seneca  327  ' '  and  Bryant  181.  " 

HENRY  ZIPP.—  Term  expires  January  1, 
1900.  Vote  received,  23,766.  Business, 
No.  575  Exchange  Street,  Residence,  No. 
100  Walnut  Street,  Telephone,  "Howard 
187." 


THE   MOST   CENTRAL  SHIPPING  POINT   IN  THE  COUNTRY. 


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BUFFALO,  THE  FOURTH  COMMERCIAL  CITY  IN  THE  WORLD. 
114  COMMON  COUNCIL  MANUAL. 

ORDER  OF  BUSINESS 

OF  THE 

BOARD    OF    COUNCILHEN. 
1897. 


The  business  of  all  regular  meetings  of  the 
board  shall  be  transacted  as  far  as  practicable 
in  the  following  order  : 

1.  Roll  call. 

2.  Reading,  correcting  and  approving  tjie 
journal  of  the  last  session. 

3.  Communications  from  the  Mayor. 

4.  Reports  and  communications  from  cor- 
poration officers. 

5.  Miscellaneous  communications. 

6.  Reading  of,  and  action  on,  the  proceed- 
ings of  the  Board  of  Aldermen. 

7.  Reports  from  committees. 

Regular  meetings  of  the  Hoard  of  Council- 
men  shall  be  held  in  Room  38,  City  Hall,  on 
Wednesday  of  each  week,  at  3.80o'clock  p.    m. 


THE   MOST   CENTRAL  SHIPPING  POINT   IN  THE  COUNTRY. 


BUFFALO  HAS  A  PROVEN   POPULATION  OF  389,138. 
CITY  OF  BUFFALO.  115 

NUMBER    OF    VOTES    REQUIRED    FOR 
VARIOUS  MEASURES,  ETC. 

BOARD  OF  ALDERMEN. 


Quorum 13 

Two-thirds  vote 17 

Three-fourths  vote 19 

BOARD  OF  COUNCILMEN. 

Quorum 6 

Two-thirds  vote 6 

Three-fourths  vote 7 

COMMON  COUNCIL. 

Q„™™™  (  Aldermen 13 
uorum  ] 

(  Councilmen 6 

Two-thirds  vote 23 

Three-fourths  vote 2G 

Auctioneers'  Licenses— two-thirds. 

Bonds— to  authorize    the   issue   of. 

Board  of  Aldermeu 17 

Board  of  Councilmen 6 

Buildings,  Frame — to  erect,  etc.,  unanimous 
in  both  boards. 

Changing    Name    of   Street — three -fourths. 

THE  CHEAPEST   POWER  IN  THE  WORLD  IS  AT  BUFFALO. 


BUFFALO,  THE  FOURTH  COMMERCIAL  CITY  IN  THE  WORLD. 
116  COMMON  COUNCIL  MANUAL. 

Contracts— creating  liability  to  be  paid  out 
of  general  fund,  not  to  be  ordered  ex- 
cept on  majority  vote  of  both  boards 
(elected). 

Estimates — to  alter  or  amend. 

Board  of  Aldermen 17 

Board  of  Councilmen 6 

Estimates— to  adopt  as  altered  or  amended, 
majority  vote. 

Expenditures — in  any  department  to  increa.se 
upon  certificate  of  Mayor,  Comptroller  and 
Treasurer — two-thirds. 

Fines — to  remit  or  to  release  from  Peni- 
tentiary. 

Board  of  Aldermen 17 

Board  of  Councilmen G 

Fish  or  Heat  License. 

Board  of  Aldermen 17 

Board  of  Councilmen 6 

And    after    September    1st,   in    any   year, 
unanimous  vote. 

Inflammable  or  Liquid  Substance — to  grant 
permission  to  manufacture  —  two-thirds 
present. 

THE   MOST   CENTRAL  SHIPPING  POINT  JN  THE  COUNTRY. 


BUFFALO  HAS  A  PROVEN   POPULATION  OF  389,138. 

CITY   OF  BUFFALO.  117 

Lamp   District— to   order   extended   without 
petition. 

Board  of  Aldermen 19 

Board  of  Councilmen 7 

Lands— determination  to  take. 

Board  of  Aldermen 17 

Board  of  Councilmen 6 

Liabilities,  to  City — not  to  be  released  except 
by  unanimous  vote  of  all  members  elected. 

Monthly    Assessment  Roll — to    correct    or 
revise — two-thirds  vote  in  each  board. 

Ordinances — leave  to  offer  by  an  Alderman — 

majority  vote. 
Pavements — to  order    without  petition  over 


Board  of  Aldermen 19 

Board  of  Councilmen 7 

Railroads,  Steam  or    Street — permission  to 
construct  tracks. 

Board  of  Aldermen 17 

Board  of  Councilmen 6 

Rescind  or  Repeal. 

Board  of  Aldermen 13 

Rewards — to  authorize  Mayor  to  offer — two- 
thirds  vote. 

THE  CHEAPEST  POWER  IN  THE  WORLD  IS  AT  BUFFALO. 


BUFFALO,  THE  FOURTH  COMMERCIAL  CITY  IN  THE  WORLD. 
118  COMMON  COUNCIL  MANUAL. 

Rules— to  suspend  or  amend. 

Board  of  Aldermen •  • -  •  17 

Board  of  Councilmen 6 

Common  Council 23 

Sewers,  Sprinkling,  Dredging,  etc.,  to  order 
on  notice  of  intention  or  petition  over  $500. 

Board  of  Aldermen 17 

Board  of  Councilmen 6 

Tax  Sales — to  redeem  lands,  or  to  rebate  in- 
terest— unanimous  vote  in  both  boards. 

Veto— To  overrule  on  resolutions  requiring 
majority  vote. 

Board  of  Aldermen 17 

Board  of  Councilmen 6 

Veto— to  overrule  on  resolution  requiring 
two-thirds  or  three  -fourths  vote. 

Board  of  Aldermen 19 

Board  of  Councilmen 7 

Voting — to  be  excused  from,  in  Board  of 
Aldermen — two-thirds  vote  of  those  pres- 
ent. 


THE   MOST  CENTRAL  SHIPPING  POINT   IN  THE  COUNTRY. 


p 


>» 


CHARLES  P.  WOLTZ, 
President  of  the  Common  Counci 


BUFFALO   HAS   A   PROVEN   POPULATION   OF  389,138. 


CITY  OF  BUFFALO.  121 


THE  flAYORS  OF  BUFFALO. 


From  1832  to  the  Present  Time— A  Roster 
of  Distinguished  Names. 


1832 — Ebenezer  Johnson. 

1833 — Major  A.  Adams. 

1834 — Ebenezer  Johnson. 

1835— Hiram  Pratt. 

1836— Samuel  Wilkeson. 

1837— Josiah  Trowbridge,  M.  D.* 

1838— Ebenezer  Walden. 

1839— Hiram  Pratt, 

1840— Sheldon  Thompson.** 

1841 — Isaac  R.  Harrington. 

1842— George  W.  Clinton. 

1843— Joseph  G.  Hasten. 

1844— William  Ketchnm. 

1845 — Joseph  G.  Masten. 

1846— Solomon  G.  Haven. 

1847— Elbridge  G.  Spanlding. 

1848— Orlando  Allen. 

1849— Hiram  Barton. 

♦Resigned  December  22,  1837,  and  Pierre  A.  Baker 
elected. 

**By  Chapter  21,  Laws  1840,  Mayors  of  cities  were  made 
elective  by  the  people,  and  Sheldon  Thompson  was  the 
first  one  chosen  for  Buffalo. 

THE  CHEAPEST  POWER  IN  THE  WORLD  IS  AT  BUFFALO. 


BUFFALO,  THE  FOURTH  COMMERCIAL  CITY  IN  THE  WORLD. 
122  COMMON   COUNCIL  MANUAL. 

1850— Henry  K.  Smith. 
1851 — James  Wadsworth. 
1852 — Hiram  Barton. 
$1853-55— Eli  Cook. 
1856-57— Frederick  P.   Stevens. 
1858-59— Timothy  T.  Lockwood. 
1860-61— Franklin  A.  Alberger. 
1862-65— William  G.  Fargo. 
1866-67— Chandler  J.  Wells. 
1868-69— William  F.  Rogers. 
1870-73— Alexander  Brush. 
1874-76— Louis  P.  Dayton. 
1S75-77— Philip  Becker. 
1878-79— Solomon  Scheu. 
1880-81— Alexander  Brush. 
1882— Grover  Cleveland.* 
[883— John  B.  Manning. 
1884-85— Jonathan  Scoville. 
1886-89— Philip  Becker. 
1890-94— Charles  F.  Bishop. 
1895-96-97— Edgar  B.  Jewett. 


♦Resigned,  November  20,  1882,  having  been  elected 
i  Jovernor  of  the  State  at  the  general  election  in  November, 
1882;  Marcus  M.  Drake  was  appointed  by  the  Common 
Council,  Mayor,  to  fill  the  vacancy  until  a  Mayor  should 
be    elected    by    the    people;    and  the  Coiiiinou   Council 

ordered  a  8] lal  election  for  that  purpose,  to  be  held 

January  9,  1888.  On  December  82,  1888,  Mr.  Drake  re- 
signed, to  take  effect  December  89,  1888,  and  the  Common 
Council  elected  Harmon  S.  Cutting,  Mayor,  to  till  the 
vacancy  thus  occasioned.  At  the  special  election,  held 
.January  9,  1888,  John  B.  Manning  was  elected  Mayor  for 
the  unexpired  term  of  Mayor  Cleveland. 

THE   MOST  CENTRAL  SHIPPING  POINT   IN  THE  COUNTRY. 


MARK  SIBLEY  HUBBELL, 
City  Clerk,  189495-96-97. 


BUFFALO   HAS  A   PROVEN   POPULATION   OF  389,138. 


CITY  OF  BUFFALO.  125 


THE  CITY  CLERKS  OF  BUFFALO. 


Men  Who  Have  Served  the  Jlunicipality  in 
This  Capacity  Since  Its  Incorporation. 


1832— Dyre  Tillinghast. 
1833-34— Elijah  J.  Roberts. 
1835— Thoodotus  Burwell. 
1836— Elbridge  G.  Spanieling. 
1837-39— Theodore  C.  Peters. 
1840— Squire  S.  Case. 
1841-44— John  T.  Lacy. 
1845 — Joseph  Stringham. 
1846— M.  Cadwallader. 
1847-49— Jesse  Walker. 
1850 — Horatio  Seymour,  Jr. 
1851— William  L.   G.  Smith. 
1852-55 — Roswell  L.  Burrows. 
1856-58— William  H.  Albro. 
1859-60— Charles  S.  Macomber. 
1861— Otis  F.  Presbry. 
1862-66— Charles  S.  Macomber. 
1867— J.  D.  Hoyt  Chamberlain. 
1868— Charles  S.  Macomber. 
1869-70— George  S.  Wardwell. 
1871— Thomas  R.  Clinton. 

THE  CHEAPEST  POWER  IN  THE  WORLD  IS  AT  BUFFALO. 


BUFFALO,  THE  FOURTH  COMMERCIAL  CITY  IN  THE  WORLD. 
126  COMMON   COUNCIL  MANUAL. 

1872-74— Walter  C.  Winship. 
1875-76— Rensselaer  D.  Ford. 
1877— Francis  F.  Fargo. 
1878-80— William  P.  Burns. 
1881— Francis  F.  Fargo. 
1882-85— William  P.  Burns. 
1886-89— William  E.   Delaney. 
1890-93— Charles  R.    Marshall. 
1894-95-96-97— Mark  S.  HubbelL 


THE   MOST  CEN1RAI    SHIPPING  POINT  IN  THE  COUNTRY. 


BUFFALO  HAS  A  PROVEN  POPULATION  OF  389,138. 
CITY  OP  BUFFALO.  127 

MAYORS  and  CLERKS  OF  OTHER  CITIES 

FOR  1897. 


City.  Mayor.  City  Clerk. 

Baltimore Alcarus  Hooper Chas.  G.  Leonard. 

Binghamton . . .  Geo.  E.  Green Burr  W.  Mosher. 

Boston Josiah  Quincy 

Brooklyn   Frederick  Wurster Joseph  Benjamin. 

Charleston I   Adger  Smyth W.  W.  Simons. 

Chicago Geo.  B.  Swift J.  R.  B.  Van  Cleave. 

Cincinnati John  A.  Caldwell Edwin  Henderson. 

Cleveland Robert  E.  McKisson . .  .Howard  H.  Burgess 

Denver Thos.  S.  McMurray —  Denny  H.  Allen. 

Detroit W.  C.  May  bury John  A.  Schmid. 

Grand  Rapids.. Lathrop  C.  Stow Frank  D.  Warren. 

Hartford Miles  B.  Preston Henry  F.  Smith. 

Indianapolis... Thos.  Tagger t C.  H.  Stuckmeyer. 

Kansas  City. .  .James  M.  Jones Chas.  S.  Curry. 

Lincoln Frank  A.  Graham John  W.  Bo  wen . 

Memphis W.  L.  Clapp J.  F.  Walker. 

Milwaukee W.  G  Rauschenberger.Wm.  E.  Anderson. 

Minneapolis.  ..  Robert  Pratt L.  A.  Lydiard. 

(  Sec'y  to  Board  of 
Nashville Wm.  McCarthy ■{     Public  Works, 

(F.  E.  Kuhn. 

Newark. James  M.  Seymour Louis  J.  Wendell. 

New  Orleans... Walter  H.  Flower 

^w  York Wm.  L.  Strong \  S^™^ 

Olean N.  V.  Van  Franchot. .  .Geo.  H.  Mayer. 

Omaha W.  J.  Broatch Beecher  Higby. 

Oswego  Fred  D.  Wheeler. 

Philadelphia. . .  Chas.  F.  Warrick None. 

THE  CHEAPEST  POWER  IN  THE  WORLD  IS  AT  BUFFALO. 


BUFFALO,  THE  FOURTH  COMMERCIAL  CITY  IN  THE  WORLD. 


128  COMMON  COUNCIL  MANUAL. 


City.  Mayor.  City  Clerk. 

Pittsburg Henry  P.  Ford Edward  J.  Martin. 

Portland Sylvester  Pennoyer..  ..A.  N.  Gamhell. 

Providence Edwin  D.  McGuinness..Wm.  E.  Clarke. 

Richmond Richard  M.  Taylor Benj.  T.  August. 

Rochester Geo.  E.  Warner Theodore  S.  Pulver. 

St-  L0™ Cyrus  P.  Walbridge. .    j  StyKsl'r. 

San  Francisco.. James  D.  Phelan Wm.  P.  Sullivan,  Jr. 

St.  Paul Frank  B.  Doran Mathias  Jensen. 

Syracuse James  K.  McQuire M.  Z.  Haven. 

Toledo Guy  G.  Major Lem.  P.  Harris. 

Washington.... The  Commissioners  of  the  District  of 
Columbia— John  W.  Ross,  President, 
George  Truesdell,  Major  Charles  F. 
Powell,  Corps  of  Engineers,  United 
States  Army ;  Secretary,  William 
Tindall. 

Worcester  .   .  .Aug.  B.  R.  Sprague...  .E.  i\.  Towne. 


THE   MOST  CENTRAL  SHIPPING  POINT  IN  THE  COUNTRY. 


BUFFALO  HAS  A  PROVEN   POPULATION  OF  389,138. 
CITY  OF  BUFFALO.  129 

A  CHAPTER   ON    ASPHALT.— "Barber," 
11  Standard"  and  Other. 


Over  200  Miles  of  Smooth  Pavement  and  What  It 
has  Done  for  Buffalo. 


Buffalo  is  the  best  paved  city  in  the  world. 
It  has  over  200  miles  of  asphalt,  or  more  than 
Paris  and  London  put  together.  Smooth  pave- 
ments in  Buffalo  are  no  longer  an  experiment. 
They  have  been  tried  here,  and  some  are  in 
a  good  state  of  preservation  which  have  stood 
the  wear  of  continuous  traffic  for  over  18  years. 
The  fewer  interstices  there  are  in  a  street  sur- 
face, the  fewer  angles  there  will  be  where 
disease  germs  may  lodge  ;  the  smoother  and 
more  even  the  surface,  the  more  readily  it 
may  be  kept  clean ;  the  nearer  a  city  comes  to 
achieving  greatness  with  the  least  wear  upon 
the  nerves  of  its  citizens,  the  more  stable 
will  be  its  growth  and  more  comfortable  its 
inhabitants. 

The  Barber  Asphalt  Paving  Company  has 
laid,  altogether,  3,003,188  square  yards  in 
Buffalo ;  The  German  Rock  Company  has  laid 

THE  CHEAPEST   POWER  IN  THE  WORLD  IS  AT  BUFFALO. 


BUFFALO,  THE  FOURTH  COMMERCIAL  CITY  IN  THE  WORLD. 


130  COMMON  COUNCIL  MANUAL. 


G50,000  square  yards  of  Barber  asphalt ;  and 
the  Standard  Paving  Company,  organized  in 
1896,  4,791  square  yards  of  Bituminous  Rock, 
and  11,762  square  yards  of  Trinidad,  making 
a  total  asphalt  surface  in  Buffalo  of  3,669,741 
square  yards,  many  times  more  than  the 
smooth  pavements  laid  in  any  other  city  in 
the  world,  and  these  figures  added  to  those 
representing  asphalted  streets  payed  by  private 
capital  bring  the  total  far  above  the  200  limit 
in  miles.  Paving  work  in  Buffalo  is  done  by 
majority  petition  of  property  owners,  whose 
preference  in  regard  to  material  desired  is 
always  specified ;  but  the  Board  of  Public 
Works  advertise  for  bids  for  all  material  for 
which  specific  ations  are  on  file  in  its  office. 

That  asphalt  pavement  in  Buffalo  has  proven 
an  unqualified  success  is  shown  by  the  fact  that 
Bryant  street  and  Linwood  Avenue,  which 
were  paved  by  the  Barber  Asphalt  Paving  Com- 
pany in  1882,  are  still  in  excellent  condition, 
having  required  very  little  repairs  in  the  in- 
terim ;  Front  avenue,  North  Pearl  and  Utica 
streets  follow  in  1  ss:j,  and  Ferry  street — an  ex- 
cellent piece  of  work — in  1884.  North  Pearl 
street,  paved  in  INS."), between  Virginia  and  Al- 
len streets,  is  as  smooth  as  a  billiard  table  and 
has  bad  few,  if  any   repairs.       And    between 

THE   MOST   CENTRAL  SHIPPING  POINT   IN  THE  COUNTRY. 


BUFFALO   HAS  A   PROVEN   POPULATION  OF  389,138. 
CITY  OF  BUFFALO.  131 

1882,  when  the  first  pavement  was  laid,  and 
1896,  over  100  streets  were  paved  by  this  com- 
pany, including  Main  street,  Whitney  place, 
Richmond  avenue,  Porter  avenue  and  North 
street ;  in  fact,  all  the  more  prominent  resi- 
dence and  business  thoroughfares  of  the  city. 
The  lesson  of  experience  was  well  learned  by 
this  Company,  for  in  some  of  the  earlier 
pavement  laid  a  tendency  to  roll,  by  the  top 
dressing,  was  discovered,  which  was  obviated 
later  by  the  placing  of  what  is  known  as  a 
"binder"  between  the  cement  on  the  founda- 
tion and  the  asphalt  surface.  This  "binder, ' ' 
made  of  bitumen,  tar  and  other  compounds, 
compactly  welds  the  whole  together,  forming 
a  coherent  and  solid  mass,  which  has  with- 
stood the  severest  usage.  It  has  been  well  said 
that  the  steam  and  street  railways  and  the  as- 
phalt pavements  have  done  more  than  any 
other  two  agencies  toward  the  development 
of  that  Greater  Buffalo,  which  is  now  an  ac- 
complished fact. 

Asphalt  pavement,  as  shown  by  this  city's 
experience,  is  clean,  durable,  noiseless,  and 
is  fairly  to  be  classified  as  one  of  the  reasons 
why  the  records  in  Buffalo's  Bureau  of  Vital 
Statistics  prove  that,  while  the  city's  popula- 
tion figures  have  been  climbing  upward  with 


THE  CHEAPEST   POWER  IN  THE  WORLD  IS  AT  BUFFALO. 


BUFFALO,  THE  FOURTH  COMMERCIAL  CITY  IN  THE  WORLD. 
132  COMMON  COUNCIL  MANUAL. 

giant  strides,  in  inverse  ratio  those  represent- 
ing its  death  rate  have  gone  down.  This  is 
because  Buffalo  is  the  best  paved  city,  has  the 
best  sewerage  system  in  the  world,  and  because 
the  purest  water  on  the  globe  flows  by  in  a 
resistless  current,  which  is  tapped  by  the 
water  system  of  the  city  at  a  point  far  be- 
yond the  reach  of  possible  contamination. 


THE   MOST   CENTRAL  SHIPPING  POINT   IN  THE  COUNTRY. 


BUFFALO   HAS  A   PROVEN   POPULATION  OF  889,138. 


CITY  OF  BUFFALO.  133 


THE  LARGEST   HORSE  MARKET. 


Buffalo  Leads  the  World  in  This   Direction,  and  the 

Stock  Farms  of  Erie  County  are  World 

Famous. 


Craudall  &  Co.,  of  East  Buffalo,  who  are 
among  the  largest  horse  dealers  in  the  country, 
contribute  this  statement  for  the  Manual : 

11  There  is  probably  no  one  branch  of  busi- 
ness in  the  City  of  Buffalo  that  has  grown 
to  such  vast  proportions,  in  so  short  a  time, 
as  the  Buffalo  Horse  Market.  Ten  years  ago 
there  was  no  market  in  the  City  of  Buffalo 
for  horses,  except  in  a  small  retail  way.  The 
business  now  runs  into  millions  annually, 
and  the  several  firms  doing  business  in  East 
Buffalo  handle  over  40,000  a  year.  In  the 
last  two  years  a  large  export  trade  has  been 
done,  foreign  dealers  sending  their  buyers 
here  to  remain  permanently,  making  ship- 
ments of  from  two  to  eight  car  loads  per 
week. 

1  'Horses  are  received  and  sold  here,  from  all 
the  Western  States  and  Territories  and  from 
Canada,  being  one  of  the  best  distributing 

THE  CHEAPEST  POWER  IN  THE  WORLD  IS  AT  BUFFALO. 


BUFFALO.  THE  FOURTH  COMMERCIAL  CITY  IN  THE  WORLD. 
134  COMMON  COUNCIL  MANUAL. 

poiuts  in  the  United  States,  and  the  day  is 
not  far  distant  when  Buffalo  will  be  the 
principal  horse  market  in  America,  as  all 
grades  and  classes  of  horses  are  handled 
here." 

The  year  1896,  despite  the  competing  in- 
terest of  the  bicycle  and  the  nse  of  electricity 
by  street-railway  systems,  has  been  the  great- 
est year  in  the  experience  of  Buffalo  as  a  horse 
market.  The  increase,  during  the  past  seven 
years,  climbed  steadily,  each  year  showing 
a  growth  of  100  per  cent,  on  an  average  over 
its  predecessor,  until  now,  at  home  or  abroad, 
when  a  large  purchase  of  horseflesh  is  con- 
templated, Buffalo  is  sought  for  as  the  best 
market  in  which  the  necessary  choice  may  be 
secured. 

Besides  this,  Erie  county,  of  which 
Buffalo  is  the  county  seat,  lias  more 
money  invested  in  high-class  horses 
than  any  other  section  of  its  Bize  in  this 
country;  its  stock  farms  arc  famous  the  world 
over,  and  their  output  have  achieved  fame  in 
many  trotting  contests.  Within  its  boundaries 
are  the  famous  Jewett  and  Hamlin  farms,  ami 
others  which  have  bred  first-class  trotting 
stock. 


THE   MOST   CENTRAL  SHIPPING  POINT   IN  THE  COUNTRY. 


BUFFALO   HAS   A   PROVEN   POPULATION  OF  389,138. 
CITY  OF  BUFFALO.  135 

LOCATION  OF  PUBLIC  SCHOOLS  AND 
REGISTRATION  AT  EACH. 


Regis- 
No.                                  Situation.                  Ward,  tration. 

High  school,  Court,  corner  Franklin  20  2, 040 

1 — Seventh   street,    near   Hudson  20  827 

2 — Terrace,  near  Genesee 19  385 

3 — Perry,  near  Illinois 1  709 

4 — Elk,  near  Louisiana 2  1,079 

5 — Seneca,  corner  Hydraulic 4  909 

6—249   South  Division  street  ....     3  913 

7 — Bailey   avenue,  corner  Clinton  11  650 

8 — Utica,  corner  Hasten 17  1,246 

9 — Bailey   avenue,  near  Doat.  ...   18  959 

10 — Delaware,     between     Mohawk 

and  Huron 20  757 

11— Elm,  near  Clinton 6  676 

12 — Spruce,  near  Broadway 12  690 

13 — Oak,    near  Sycamore 6  652 

14 — Franklin,      between     Edward 

and  Tupper 21  451 

15 — Oak,  corner  Burton 15  1,082 

16 — Delaware,  near  Bryant 24  921 

17 — Main,  corner  Delavan 24  1,032 

18 — School  street,  near  Fargo  ave      22  1,013 

19 — West    avenue,  corner  Delavan  22  1,294 

20— Amherst,  comer  East 25  847 

THE  CHEAPEST   POWER  IN  THE  WORLD  IS  AT  BUFFALO. 


BUFFALO.  THE  FOURTH"  COMMERCIAL  CI f Y  IN  1HE  WORLl). 


136  COMMON   COUNCIL  MANUAL. 

Regis- 
No.                                  Situation.                 Ward,  tration. 

21 — Hertel  avenue,  near  Delaware  25  59 
22 — Main,  near  Erie  Junction  Ry. 

Crossing 25  1 62 

23— Delavan,  beyond  Avenue  "A"  18  221 

24— Best,  near  Fillmore 18  2,531 

25 — Lewis,    near  William 11  551 

26 — Milton,  near  Seneca 5  957 

27 — Cazenovia,  near  Seneca 5  283 

28 — Abbott  road,  corner  Triangle  5  360 
29 — White's    Corners    road,    near 

Marilla 5  89 

30 — Hamburgh   Turnpike,  near  Gan- 

son  2  335 

31— Emslie,  near  William 9  3,150 

82— Cedar,  near  Clinton    7  1,258 

33— Elk,  near  Smith 5  898 

84 — Hamburgh,  near  Sandusky.  ...    2  687 

35 — East  Swan,  near  Spring 3  859 

86 — Cottage,  corner  Norris 21  549 

37— Comer  Carlton  and  Orange  .  .     16  1,4  J  9 

38— Vermont  and  Hodge 23  1,008 

89— High,  near  Jefferson 18  1,868 

40— Oneida  street,  cor.  Fillmore.  .   10  879 

41 — Broadway,  corner  Spring  ....  12  1,048 
42 — Corner    Military      road     and 

Clay  street 25  575 

43— Lovejoy  and  Gold 11  997 

THE  MOST  CENTRAL  SHIPPING  POINT  IN  THE  COUNTRY. 


BUFFALO  HAS  A   PROVEN   POPULATION  OF  389,138. 


CITY  OF  BUFFALO.  137 


No.  Situation.  Ward,    tration. 

44 — Broadway,  near  Peck 11  2,042 

45 — Auburn  avenue  and  Baynes  .    24  1,234 

46 — Junction  Edward  and  Virginia  21  466 

47 — Hickory,  near  Sycamore 12  727 

48— Edna  Place,  near  Masten 17  849 

49— Fargo,  corner  Vermont 23  799 

School  of  Practice,  Jersey,  between 

Thirteenth  and  Fourteenth.  23  397 

50 — Eagle,  near  Madison 8  788 

51— Hertel  avenue  and  Gurnsey  . .  25  850 

52— Barry  Place 24  1,127 

53— Driving  Park 18  1,020 

54— Parkside 25  480 

55— Guilford   street  14  1,552 

56— Elmwood  avenue 24  375 

Kensington  School,  Richlawn  and 

Shawnee  avenues  . . . . 25 76 

Total ~~  52,157 

NEW  SCHOOLS  IN  PROCESS  OF  CONSTRUCTION. 

Masten    Park    High    School,  Masten  street, 
between  North  and  Best  streets  ;  seating 
capacity,  1,000. 
57 — Sears,  near  Broadway. 
58 — Rother  avenue,  near  Walden. 
59 — Glenwood  avenue,  near  Fillmore. 
60 — Ontario  street,  near  Saratoga. 
Also  new  Buildings  for  Nos.  1,   12  and  18. 

THE  CHEAPEST   POWER  IN  THE  WORLD  IS  AT  BUFFALO. 


BUFFALO,  THE  FOURTH  COMMERCIAL  CITY  IN  THE  WORLD. 


138  COMMON  COUNCIL  MANUAL. 


SCHOOL  DISTRICT  BOUNDARIES. 


Statistics    which  will    be   found  of  interest  to  every 
parent  sending  children  to    Buf- 
falo's Public  Schools. 


District.    No.  i. 

By  Niagara  River,  Porter  avenue,  Prospect 
avenue  and  Georgia  street. 

District  No.  2. 

By  Niagara  River,  Lake  Erie,  Georgia 
street,  Court  street,  Terrace,  Maiu  street, 
Lloyd  street  and  Buffalo  Creek. 

District  No.  3. 

By  Buffalo  Creek,  Lloyd  street,  Main  street. 
Exchange  street , Michigan  street,  South  Michi- 
gan street  and  Lake  Erie. 

District  No.  4. 

By  Michigan  street,  N.  Y.  C.  Ry.  ,  L.  S.  & 
M.  S.  Ry. ,  Elk,  Hamburgh,  Miami  and  Ohio 
streets. 

District  No    5. 

By  Perry  street,  Buffalo  Creek  Ry.,  Clinton 
street,  Fillmore  avenue,  Eagle  stn-et,  N.  Y.C. 
Ry.  andL.  S.  &  M.  S.   Ry. 


THE   MOST   CENTRAL  SHIPPING  POINT   IN  THE  COUNTRY. 


flUFFALO  HAS  A  PROVEN   POPULATION  OF  389,138. 


CITY  OF  BUFFALO.  139 


District  No.  6. 

By  Michigan  street,  North  Division  street, 
Cedar  street,  Swan  street,  South  Cedar  street, 
Louisiana  street  and  N.  Y.  C.  Ry. 

District  No.  7. 

By  W.  N.  Y.  &P.  Ry.,  N.  Y.,  L.  E.  &  W. 
Ry. ,  City  Line,  Buffalo  Creek,  Seneca  street 
and  Bailey  avenue. 

District  No.  8. 

By  Michigan,  East  Ferry,  Jefferson  and 
Northampton  streets. 

District  No.  9. 

By  Broadway,  City  Line,  Scajaquada  Creek, 
N.  Y.  C.  Belt  Line,  West  Shore  Ry.  and 
Bailey  avenue. 

District  No.   10. 

By  Main  street,  Terrace,  Court  street, 
Georgia  street,  Prospect  avenue,  Carolina 
street,  Johnson  Place,  Delaware  avenue  and 
West  Chippewa  street. 

District  No.  11. 

By  Main  street,  Broadway,  Michigan  and 
Exchange  streets. 

THE  CHEAPEST  POWER  IN  THE  WORLD  IS  AT  BUFFALO. 


BUFFALO,  THE  FOURTH  COMMERCIAL  CITY  IN  THE  WORLD. 
140  COMMON  COUNCIL  MANUAL. 

District  No.  12. 

By  William,  Michigan,  Genesee  and  Walnut 
streets. 

District  No.   13. 

By  Main  street,  East  Tupper  street,  Michi- 
gan street  and  Broadway 

District  No.    14. 

By  North  street,  Main  street,  West  Chip- 
pewa street,  Delaware  avenue,  Johnson  Place, 
Carolina  street,  West  Tupper  street,  Delaware 
avenue,  Virginia  and  Park  streets. 

District  No.  15. 

By  Main,  East  North,  Maple,  Virginia, 
Locust,  Cherry,  Spruce,  Gem  sir,  Michigan 
and  East  Tupper  streets. 

District  No.   16. 

By  Richmond,  Lexington,  Delaware  ;t v<  - 
nues,  Ferry,  Michigan,  Northampton,  Main 
and  North  streets. 

District  No.  17. 

By  Delaware  avenue,  north  line  of  Forest 
Lawn  Cemetery,  Humboldt  Parkway,  Puffer, 

Jefferson  and  Ferry  streets. 


THE   MOST  CENTRAL  SHIPPING  POINT  IN  THE  COUNTRY. 


BUFFALO  HAS  A  PROVEN   POPULATION  OF  889,138. 
CITY  OF  BUFFALO.  141 

District  No.  18. 

By  Niagara  River,  Breckenridge,  Grant, 
Sixteenth,  Massachusetts  avenue  and  a  con- 
tinuation of  Massachusetts  avenue. 

District  No.  19. 

By  Scajaquada  Creek,  De  Witt  street,  Bird 
avenue,  Herkimer  street,  Potomac  avenue* 
Grant  street,  Breckenridge  street  and  Black 
Rock  Harbor. 

District  No.  20. 

By  N.  Y.  C.  Ry.,  Austin  street,  Niagara 
River,  Black  Rock  Harbor  and  Scajaquada 
Creek. 

District  No.  21. 

By  Colvin  street,  City  Line,  N.  Y.  C.  Ry. , 
N.  Y.  C.  Belt  line,  Elmwood  avenue,  and  the 
north  line  of  the  Park  land. 

District  No.  22. 

By  Amherst  street,  Kensington  avenue,  City 
Line,  Colvin  street  and  N.  Y.  C.    Belt  Line. 

District  No.  23. 

By  Steele  street,  Kensington  avenue,  City 
Line,  Scajaquada  Creek  and  Humboldt 
Parkway. 

THE  CHEAPEST  POWER  IN  THE  WORLD  IS  AT  BUFFALO, 


BUFFALO,  THE  FOURTH  COMMERCIAL  CITY  IN  THE  WORLD. 
142  COMMON   COUNCIL   MANUAL. 

District  No    24 

By  Jefferson  street,  Northampton  street, 
Humboldt  Parkway,  Scajaquada  Creek,  N.  Y. 
C.  Belt  Line,  Sycamore,  Strauss,  Genesee,  Fox 
and  Best  streets. 

District  No.  25. 
By  Buffalo  Creek    Ry.,  Clinton,  Metcalfe, 
Thomas  streets,  N.  Y.  C.  Ry.,  Bailey  avenue 
and  N.  Y.,  L.  E.  &  W.  Ry. 

District  No.  26. 
By  Buffalo  Creek Ry.,W.    N.  Y.  &  P.    Ry., 
Bailey  avenue,  Seneca  street,    Buffalo  Creek, 
Maurice  street  and  Seneca  street. 
District  No.  27. 
By  Buffalo  Creek,    Cazenovia  Creek,  Mel- 
rose  street,  Abbott's  Corners  Plank  Road  and 
Citv  Line. 

District  No.  28. 

By  L.  S.  &  M.  S.  Ry. ,  Buffalo  Creek  and 
Cazenovia  Creek,  Melrose  street,  Abbott's 
Corners  Plank  Road,  a  direct  continuation  of 
Tifft  street  and  Tifft  street 

District  No.   29. 

By  Lake  Erie,  Tifft  street, and  a  direct  con- 
tinuation of  center  line  of  said  street  to 
Abbott's  Corners  Plank  Road,  Abbott's 
Corners  Plank  Road  and  City  Line. 

THE   MOST  CENTRAL  SHIPPING  POINT  IN  THE  COUNTRY. 


BUFFALO   HAS  A   PROVEN   POPULATION   OF  389,138. 


CITY  OF  BUFFALO.  143 


District  No.   30. 

By  Louisiana,  Sandusky,  Vinceimes,  South, 
Alabama  streets,  Buffalo  Creek,  L.  S.  &  M. 
S.  Ry.,  Tifft  street,  Lake  Erie,  South  Michi- 
gan, Ohio  and  Miama  streets. 

District   No.    31. 

By  N.  Y.  C.  Ry. ,  William,  Curtiss,  Clark, 
Lovejoy,  Shunrway,  Broadway,  Johnson, 
Sycamore,  Jefferson,  Howard,  Emslie  and 
Clinton  streets. 

District  No.  32. 

By  William,  Spring,  North  Division  and 
Michigan  streets. 

District  No.  33. 

By  Perry  street,  Buffalo  Creek  Ry. ,  Seneca 
street,  Maurice  street,  Buffalo  Creek  and  L.  S. 
&  M.  S.  Ry. 

District  No.  34. 

By  Miami,  Hamburg,  Elk  streets,  L.  S.  & 
M.  S.  Ry. ,  Buffalo  Creek,  Alabama,  South, 
Vinceimes,  Sandusky   and  Louisiana  streets. 

District  No.  35. 

By  N.  Y.  C.  Ry. ,  Jefferson,  North  Division, 
Cedar,    Swan,    South  Cedar     and   Louisiana 

streets. 

THE  CHEAPEST  POWER  IN  THE  WORLD  IS  AT  BUFFALO. 


BUFFALO,  THE  FOURTH  COMMERCIAL  CITY  IN  THE  WORLD. 


144  COMMON  COUNCIL  MANUAL. 


District  No.  36. 

By  Prospect  avenue,  Porter  avenue,  North, 
College  and  Maryland  streets. 

District  No.  37. 

By  Maple,  Virginia,  Locust,  Cherry,  Morti- 
mer, Genesee,  Jefferson  and  North  streets. 

District  No.  38. 

By  Normal  avenue,  York  street,  Porter 
avenue,  Richmond  avenue  and  Massachusetts 
street. 

District  No.  30 

By  Sycamore,  Jefferson,  Best,  Fox,  Genesee 
and  Johnson  streets. 

District  No.  40. 

ByN.  Y.  C.  Ry.,  Thomas,  Metcalfe,  Clin- 
ton streets, Fillmore  avenue  and  Eagle  street. 

District  No.  41. 

By  Broadway,  Pratt,  Sycamore,  Jefferson, 
William  and  Walnut  streets. 

District  No    42. 

By  Scajaquada  Crock,  Elmwood  avenue  and 
N.  Y.  C.  Belt  Line. 

District  No.  43. 

By  N.  Y.,L.  E.  &  W.  Ry.,  City  Line, 
Broadway   and  Bailey  avenue. 


THE   MOST   CENTRAL  SHIPPING  POINT   IN  THE  COUNTRY. 


BUFFALO  HAS  A  PROVEN   POPULATION  OF  389,138. 
CITY  OF  BUFFALO.  145 

District  No.  44. 

By  N.  Y.  C.  Ry.,  Bailey  avenue,  West 
Shore  Ry. ,  N.  Y.  C.  Belt  Line,  Sycamore 
street,  Mills  street,  Broadway,  Clark,  Curtiss 
and  William  streets. 

District  No.  45. 

By  Sixteenth  street,  Grant  street,  Potomac 
avenue,  Richmond  avenue  and  Massachusetts 
street. 

District  No.  46. 

By  Maryland,  College,  North,  Park,  Vir- 
ginia streets,  Delaware  avenue,  Tupper  street, 
Carolina  street  and  Prospect  avenue. 

District  No.  47. 

By  Walnut  street,  Broadway,  Pratt,  Syca- 
more, Jefferson,  Genesee,  Mortimer,  Cherry, 
Spruce  and  Genesee  streets. 

District  No.  48. 

By  East  North,  Jefferson,  Northampton 
and  Main  streets. 

District  No.  49. 

By  Niagara  River,  Porter  avenue,  Thir- 
teenth and  Massachusetts  streets. 

THE  CHEAPEST  POWER  IN  THE  WORLD  IS  AT  BUFFALO. 


BUFFALO,  THE  FOURTH  COMMERCIAL  CITY  IN  THE  WORLD. 
146  COMMON   COUNCIL  MANUAL. 

District  No.  50. 

By  Spring,  William,  Jefferson,  Howard, 
Emslie,  Clinton  streets,  N.  Y.  C.  Ry. ,  Jeffer- 
son and  North  Division  streets. 

District  No.  51. 

N.  Y.  C.  Ry.,  City  Line,  Niagara  River, 
and  Austin  street. 

District  No.  52. 

Scajaquada  Creek,  De  Witt  street,  Bird 
avenue,  Herkimer  street,  Potomac  and  Elm- 
wood  avenues. 

District  No.  53. 

By  Jefferson  street,  Puffer  street,  Hum- 
boldt Parkway,  and  Northampton  street. 

District  No.  54. 

By  the  north  line  of  the  Park  land,  Colvin 
street,  N.  Y.  C.  Belt  Line,  Amherst  street, 
Kensington  avenue,  Steel  street,  Humboldt 
Parkway,  north  line  of  Forest  Lawn  Cemetery 
and  Delaware  avenue. 

District  No.  55. 

By  Love  joy  street,  Shnmway  street.  Broad- 
way,  Johnson,  Genesee,     Strauss,    Sycamore 

Mills  streets,  Broadway  and  Clark  street. 


THE   MOST   CENTRAL  SHIPPING  POINT   IN  THE  COUNTRY. 


BUFFALO  HAS  A   PROVEN   POPULATION   OF  389,138. 


CITY  OF  BUFFALO.  147 

District  No.  56. 

By  Lexington,  Richmond,  Potomac,  Elm- 
wood  avenues,  the  north  of  the  Park  land  and 
Delaware  avenue. 

Districts  57  to  60,  inclusive,  are  to  relieve 
certain  overcrowded  schools,  hence  the  bound- 
aries cannot  be  given  at  this  time. 


THE  CHEAPEST  POWER  IN  THE  WORLD  IS  AT  BUFFALO. 


BUFFALO,  THE  FOURTH  COMMERCIAL  CITY  IN  THE  WORLD. 
148  COMMON  COUNCIL  MANUAL. 

FRAMING  A  CHARTER. 

How    the    Present    Excellent    Code   of  Laws   for    the 
Government  of  Buffalo  was  Compiled. 


Buffalo  works  under  a  revised  City  Charter, 
which  became  a  law  in  1893.  It  was  the  fruit 
of  many  public  meetings,  presided  over  by  a 
committee  of  citizens  representing  the  best  of 
Buffalo's  business,  social  and  professional  life, 
men  prominent  in  trade,  banking  and  other 
business,  railroad  men,  artisans  and  repre- 
sentatives of  the  medical  and  legal  professions, 
men  conspicuous  in  mercantile  pursuits, 
and  members  of  the  various  labor  organiza- 
tions, all  of  whom  had  their  share  in  the 
work,  the  committee  holding  open  sessions,  at 
which  the  various  proposed  enactments  were 
discussed.  These  committees  forming  the 
main  body  of  law-makers  consisted  of  the 
following  faithful  workers : 

Law  and  Park  Departments  and  Harbor  Master 
—P.  P.  Pratt,  D.  H.  McMillan,  John  Esser,  S.  H. 
Cowles,  James  Mooney,  T.  Guilford  Smith. 

Police  Justices,  Salaries,  Eminent  Domain, 
Official  Printing,  Municipal  Court,  and  General 
Provisions— Tracy  C.  Becker,  J.  C.  Fullerton,  E. 
H.  Butler,  Leroy  S.  Oatman,  F.  L.  Beier,  Henry 
Koons,  Geo.  A.  Lewis. 

THE   MOST  CENTRAL  SHIPPING  POINT   IN  THE  COUNTRY. 


BUFFALO  HAS  A  PROVEN   POPULATION  OF  389,138. 
CITY  OF  BUFFALO.  149 

Legislative  and  Executive  Departments — R.  R. 
Hefford,  G.  P.  Sawyer,  O.  P.  Letchworth,  B.  D. 
Rogers,  George  Sandrock,  Geo.  S.   Ward  well. 

Finances— Charles  A.  Sweet,  C.  M.  Underbill, 
J.  N.  Adam,  James  G.  Kerr,  H.  C.  Harrower,  W. 
H.  Albro. 

Assessments — John  Fullerton,  Henry  Zink, 
Henry  Spayth,  Walter  G.  Shepard,  H.  J.  Booth. 

Police  and  Excise— R.  K.  Smither,  Britain 
Holmes,  A.  H.  Schlecht,  A.  W.  Voltz,  Gerhard 
Lang,  Arthur  D.  Bissell. 

Health  and  Charities— Dr.  A.  T.  Bull,  Dr.  W. 
S.  Tremaine,  N.  Rosenau.  E.  L.  Cook,  Dr.  J.  H. 
Pryor. 

Fire  and  Water  Departments — George  Clinton, 
E.  S.  Hawley,  John  M.  Welter,  John  N.  Scatch- 
erd,  D.  E.  Newhall. 

Public  Instruction— C.  O.  Rano,  J.  M.  Rich- 
mond, E.  F.  Latham,  S.  V.  Parsons,  W.  G 
Gregory. 

Election  Department — Ward  Officers  and  Their 
Duties— Norris  Morey,  W.  H.  Walker,  G.  N. 
Wattles.  John  S.  Hertel,  James  Boland. 

Public  Buildings  and  Building  Laws— John 
Feist,  John  Coleman,  M.  McNamara,  C.  B.  Arm- 
strong, G.  J.  Metzger,  C.  D.  Bigelow,  E.  C.  Hawks, 
Joseph  H.  Neil. 

Engineering,  Public  Grounds,  Streets,  Water, 
Lights — John  C.  Graves,  August  Farren,  John  G. 
Milburn,   Dr.  Roswell  Park,   Harlow  C.  Palmer. 


THE  CHEAPEST  POWER  IN  THE  WORLD  IS  AT  BUFFALO. 


BUFFALO,  THE  FOURTH  COMMERCIAL  CITY  IN  THE  WORLD. 


150  COMMON  COUNCIL  MANUAL. 


Revision  and  Compilation—  R.  R.  Hefford,  E.  H. 
Movius,  M.  M.  Drake,  P.  F.  Fargo,  R.  F.  Schel- 
ling,  Geo.  W.  Patridge,  D.  H.  McMillan. 

Committee  on  Legislation—  George  Clinton, 
John  G.  Milburn,  Tracy  C.  Becker,  Ansley  Wil- 
cox,  John  C.  Graves. 

This  public-spirited  body  of  citizens  held  its 
sessions  in  the  main  committee  rooms  of  the 
Board  of  Trade,  and  when  its  labors  were  con- 
cluded the  instrument,  as  proposed,  was  acted 
upon  and  sent  to  Albany,  where  it  was  crys- 
tallized into  the  present  law.  Since  1892  there 
have  been  some  amendments,  tending  gener- 
ally toward  improvement,  but  the  bulk  of  the 
work  of  the  Charter  framers  was  well  done 
and  remains  still  intact. 

The  new  Constitution  of  the  State  of  New 
York,  framed  by  the  Constitutional  Convention 
of  1894,  did  away  with  the  admixture  of  State, 
national  and  local  politics  by  so  amending 
the  Charter  of  the  City  that  municipal  officers 
must  be  chosen  at  separate  elections,  and  pro- 
viding for  a  two-year  term  of  service  of 
Aldermen  after  the  inauguration  of  the  new 
system. so  framed,  should  have  been  completed. 
Under  this  it  became  necessary,  in  1*94,  to 
elect  all  Aldermen  for  three-year  terms; 
Aldermen  elected  in  1895  will  serve  two  years, 
and  an  entirely  new  board  will  be  elected    in 

THE   MOST   CENTRAL  SHIPPING  POINT   IN  THE  COUNTRY. 


BUFFALO  HAS  A  PROVEN   POPULATION  OF  389,138 
CITY   OF   BUFFALO.  151 

1897,  taking  office  on  January  1,  1898,  to 
serve  two  years  each. 

The  Legislature  amended  the  Charter  so  as 
to  provide  for  the  election  of  three  Council- 
men  in  1895,  to  serve  for  four  years,  and  it 
was  also  enacted  "that  six  Councilmen  shall 
be  elected  in  1897,  and  they  shall  meet  before 
the  end  of  that  year,  at  a  time  and  place  to 
be  designated  by  the  Mayor,  and  determine 
by  lot,  two  of  their  number  to  hold  office  for 
two  years  and  shall  certify  in  writing  to  the 
City  Clerk  their  determination.  The  term  of 
office  of  the  Councilmen  elected  in  1897,  and 
so  certified,  shall  be  two  years. ' '  At  the 
annual  election  held  in  odd-numbered  years 
thereafter,  * '  it  is  provided  there  shall  be  elected 
alternately  five  and  four  Councilmen  for  the 
term  of  four  years, ' '  and  the  terms  of  other 
city  officers  also  expire  with  the  end  of  the 
odd-numbered  years,  successors  to  be  elected 
the  preceding  fall. 

And  thus  the  machinery  of  the  new  Consti- 
tution has  been  perfected  and  set  in  motion, 
so  that  all  city  offices  to  become  vacant  will 
be  filled  by  election  in  odd-numbered  years  ; 
no  municipal  election  occurring  hereafter  at 
the  same  time  as  elections  for  State  or  Fed- 
eral offices. 

THE  CHEAPEST  POWER  IN  THE  WORLD  IS  AT  BUFFALO. 


BUFFALO,  THE  FOURTH  COMMERCIAL  CITY  IN  THE  WORLD. 


152  COMMON  COUNCIL  MANUAL. 


LOCATION  OF  HOSPITALS. 


Buffalo  State  Hospital,  Forest  Avenue, 
near  Park  Lake,  Telephone,  Bryant  262. 

Buffalo  General  Hospital,  100  High  Street, 
Telephone,  Tupper  340. 

Buffalo  Homoeopathic  Hospital,  Cottage 
and  Maryland  Streets,  Telephone,  Tupper  94. 

Buffalo  Hospital  of  the  Sisters  of  Charity, 
1883  Main  Street,  Telephone,  Bryant  565-D. 

Buffalo  Women's  Hospital,  101  Georgia 
Street,  Telephone,  Tupper  442. 

Children's  Hospital,  219  Bryant  Street, 
Telephone,  Bryant  29. 

Emergency  Hospital,  Michigan  and  South 
Division  Streets,  Telephone,  Seneca  338. 

Erie  County  Hospital,  3399  Main  Street, 
Telephone,  Park  21 -D. 

Eye  and  Ear  Infirmary,  G73  Michigan 
Street,  Telephone,  Seneca  1253. 

Fitch  Accident  Hospital,  165  Swan  Street, 
Telephone.   Snieca  300-A. 

Lexington  Heights  Hospital,  173  Lexington 
Avenue,  Telephone,  Bryant  81. 

Wilcox  Private  Hospital,  173  Lexington 
Avenue,  Telephone,  Bryant  81. 

St.  Francis  Hospital,  387  Pine  Street. 

Riverside  Hospital  for  Women,  906  La- 
fayette Avenue,  Telephone,  Bryant  596. 

JHE   MOST   CENTRAL  SHIPPING  POINT  IN  THE  COUNTRY 


BUFFALO   HAS   A   PROVEN   POPULATION   OF  889,138. 


CITY  OF  BUFFALO.  153 


THE  MECCA  OF  THE  CONVENTIONS. 


Ever  Popular  Buffalo,  and  How   She  Cares  for  Her 
Visitors— The  Q.  A.  R.  Encampment. 


Buffalo  has  come  to  be  recognized  of  late 
years  as  the  ideal  convention  city,  for  various 
important  reasons,  among  which  are  its  ac- 
cessibility to  delegates  coming  from  all  points 
in  the  Union ;  its  location  as  the  easternmost 
port  of  entry  of  the  great  lakes,  enabling 
travelers  from  the  West  to  reach  it  by  that  de- 
lightful mode  of  summer  travel,  the  palatial 
lake  steamers ;  its  railroads,  which  gridiron 
and  griddle  it  at  every  point,  coming  from 
everywhere ;  its  cool  evenings ;  its  freedom 
from  dust ;  its  200  miles  of  asphalt  pavement ; 
its  varied  excursion  facilities,  and  its  unsur- 
passed hotel  accommodations  for  taking  proper 
care  of  vast  aggregations  of  humanity.  These 
are  a  few  of  the  reasons  why  Buffalo  in  the 
past  two  years  has  satisfactorily  cared  for 
more  conventions  than  most  other  cities  have 
since  they  were  incorporated. 

THE  CHEAPEST  POWER  IN  THE  WORLD  IS  AT  BUFFALO. 


BUFFALO,  THE  FOURTH  COMMERCIAL  CITY  IN  THE  WORLD. 
154  COMMON  COUNCIL  MANUAL. 

NO   HEAT,    NO   DUST. 

Probably  nowhere  on  the  face  of  the  civil- 
ized globe  is  there  a  great  city  combining  the 
climatic  advantages  of  Buffalo,  with  so  many 
other  claims  to  popularity,  as  an  ideal  summer 
city.  It  is  a  matter  of  local  proverb  that 
"  Buffalonians  have  no  need  to  go  away  from 
home  to  escape  the  heat."  Situated  as  it  is 
upon  grounds  sloping  upwards  from  the  shores 
of  Lake  Erie,  whose  balmy  breezes  fan  it 
ceaselessly,  those  terrors  of  less  favored  places, 
hot  and  consequently  sleepless  nights,  often 
aggravated  by  the  assiduous  mosquito  and  his 
lanteern-carrying  friend,  the  fire-fly,  are 
absolutely  unknown.  Whatever  may  have 
been  the  heat  of  the  day,  and  80  degrees  is 
esteemed  hot  for  Buffalo,  sure  as ' '  the  sun-set 
gun"  booms  over  the  waters  of  Fort  Porter, 
the  cooling  winds  of  the  lake  sweep  through 
the  city,  making  its  pleasant,  evenings,  and 
cool,  sweet  sleeps  which  follow  them,  summer 
experiences  never  to  be  forgotten  by  non- 
residents. 

EXCURSIONS  FOR  VISITORS. 

The  boats  of  upwards  of  20  lines  of  ex- 
cursion steamers  leave  and  arrive  at 
Buffalo  night  and  day  through  the  summer 
season,    from    May   until    nearly  November; 


THE   MOST   CENTRAL  SHIPPING  POINT   IN  THE  COUNTRY. 


BUFFALO   HAS  A  PROVEN   POPULATION  OF  389,138. 
CITY  OF  BUFFALO.  155 

they  ply  to  various  ports  on  lake  and  river 
where  summer  resorts  are  established  on  the 
American  and  Canadian  shores,  and,  including 
the  wonderful  rides  down  the  river,  the  choice 
of  two  lines  being  given,  to  where  the  white 
surges  of  the  Rapids  and  the  wrath -like  spray 
of  Niagara  Falls  rises  to  Heaven  like  steam 
from  the  body  of  a  giant  in  travil,  even  to 
those  who  have  already  seen  that  world's 
wonder,  Niagara  Falls,  before,  the  new  trolley 
lines  connecting  with  the  Buffalo  steamboats 
on  the  American  and  Canadian  sides,  and 
running  respectively  to  Lewiston  and  Queens- 
town  along  the  very  brink  of  the  beautiful 
Niagara  Gorge,  afford  an  attraction  and  will 
yield  a  delight  equaling,  if  not  exceeding, 
that  experienced  on  the  first  view  of  the  cata- 
ract. 

Niagara  Falls  and  Buffalo  are  practically 
one  city,  but  30  minutes  in  time  from  each 
other,  and  connecting  by  trains  on  several 
roads,  running  at  intervals  on  an  average  of 
half  an  hour  apart. 

UNRIVALED  HOTEL  FACILITIES. 

Buffalo  can  take  care  of  her  guests  in  1897, 
even  though  the  Christian  Endeavor  Society 
and  National  Convention  were  to  meet  the 
same  week. 

THE  CHEAPEST   POWER  IN  THE  WORLD  IS  AT  BUFFALO. 


BUFFALO,  THE  FOURTH  COMMERCIAL  CITY  IN  THE  WORLD. 


156  COMMON   COUNCIL  MANUAL. 


In  the  matter  of  hotels  of  all  sorts  and 
grades  she  can  boast  of  more  and  better  than 
two-thirds  of  the  cities  donble  her  size  and 
population  in  the  United  States. 

All  told  there  are  48  hotels  in  the  City  of 
Buffalo,  not  all  magnificent,  but  all  comfort- 
able, from  the  new  and  handsome  Iroquois,  the 
famous  Niagara,  the  Genesee,  the  New  Tifft, 
the  old,  but  excellent,  Mansion,  that  enormous 
caravansary,  the  Continental,  the  Stafford,  the 
Broezel,  and  the  Ontario,  formerly  Gruener's, 
with  facilities  for  accommodating  respect ivrly 
from  500  to  1,000  guests,  to  the  40  odd  others 
of  smaller  capacity  and  lower  figures.  There 
is  not,  of  course,  included  in  this  list  the 
hundreds  of  boarding  places  and  private 
houses,  which  would  on  such  occasions  throw 
wide  their  doors  to  welcome  the  strangers. 
Besides  this, 

NIAGARA  FALLS,  OUR  NEIGHBOR, 

With  its  mammoth  hotel  establishments, 
world-famous  and  luxurious,  such  as  the  In- 
ternational, the  Cataract,  the  Hotel  Kalten- 
bach,  the  Porter,  the  Clifton  and  the  Im- 
perial, with  several  dozen  smaller  ones,  is  but 
30  minutes'  distant  by  rail  and  almost  a 
suburb  of  ' '  this  City. ' ' 


THE   MOST  CENTRAL  SHIPPING  POINT  IN  THE  COUNTRY. 


BUFFALO  HAS  A  PROVEN  POPULATION  OF  389,138. 
CITY  OF  BUFFALO.  157 

One  of  the  greatest  conventions,  numeric- 
ally, which  every  year  chooses  an  American 
city  in  which  to  meet,  is  the  National  Educa- 
tional Association,  which  met  in  Buffalo  in 
1896,  bringing  a  personnel  of  15,000  people,  as 
a  conservative  estimate,  and  she  sent  each 
and  every  visitor  away  deeply  impressed  with 
her  hospitality  and  the  ample  means  at  her 
command  for  the  entertainment  of  the  stranger. 
In  August,  1897,  there  will  gather  in  this  city 
the  cohorts  of  the  Grand  Army  of  the  Re- 
public, and  Buffalo  will  give  it  royal  welcome 
and  recognize  its  paramount  claims  to  honor 
and  pre-eminence  and  salute  it  and  its  mem- 
bers as  worthy  of  all  deference.  Every  year 
its  membership  decreases  as  the  brigades, 
which  answered  to  the  call  of  duty  on  the 
fields  of  Appomatox,  Bull  Run  and  the 
Wilderness,  and  marched  with  Sherman  to 
the  sea,  diminish  in  numbers  as  they  reply  to 
' '  boot  and  saddle, ' '  or  the  ' '  reveille, ' '  which 
summons  them  to  reply  to  roll-call  in  the 
phantom  regiments  of  the  hereafter. 

Whatever  doubts  may  have  been  entertained 
as  to  the  ability  of  Buffalo  to  capably  and 
hospitably  care  for  the  visitors  within  her 
gates  was  positively  solved  when  the  N.  E.  A. 
met  here  last  year,  and  will  be  completely  and 

THE  CHEAPEST  POWER  IN  THE  WORLD  IS  AT  BUFFALO. 


Buffalo,  the  fourth  commercial  city  in  the  world. 

158  common  council  manual. 

satisfactorily  disposed  of  when  the  city  shows 
her  ample  resources  to  the  300,000  strangers 
who  will  gather  here  in  August. 

Arrangements  have  been  made  for  such  an 
entertainment  of  her  guests,  as  will  show  that 
the  City  is  not  only  the  most  pre-eminently 
progressive, but  the  most  pre-eminently  hospi- 
table, municipality  in  America. 


CONVENTIONS  HELD  IN  1896. 

Church  Clubs  of  the  United  States,  Fourth 
Annual  Conference,  February  6th. 

The  Master  Painters'  National  Association 
Convention,  February  11th,  12th  and  13th. 

Supreme  Council  Royal  Templars  of  Tem- 
perance, March  26th  and  27th. 

Homeopathic  Medical  Society  of  Western 
New  York,  April  10th. 

Eighth  District  Dental  Society  of  New  York 
State,  April  29th. 

New  York  State  Medical  Association, 
Fourth  District  Branch,  May  12th. 

American  Ticket  Brokers'  Association,  May 
13th  and  14th. 

Rebekali  Branch,  I.  O.  O.  F.  State  Conven- 
tion, May  18th  and  19th. 


THE   MOST  CENTRAL   SHIPPING  POINT  IN  THE  COUNTRY. 


BUFFALO  HAS  A  PROVEN   POPULATION  OF  389,138. 
CITY  OF  BUFFALO.  159 

National  Journeymen  Horse  Shoers'  Associa- 
tion, May  18th,  19th  and  20th. 

Buffalo  Alumni  of  the  Ann  Arbor  Univer- 
sity, May  29th. 

Supreme  Lodge  Shield  of  Honor,  19th 
Annual  Convention,  June    2d,  3d  and  4th. 

Erie  County  Sunday  School  Association, 
June  2d  to  11th. 

New  York  District  of  the  Evangelical  Synod 
of  North  America,  Annual  Conference,  June 
5th  to  8th. 

New  York  State  Association  for  the  Protec- 
tion of  Fish  and  Game,  June  8th. 

Retail  Butchers'  Mutual  Protective  Associa- 
tion, State  Convention,  June  8th  and  9th. 

New  York  State  Shoot,  June  8th  to  12th. 

Presbyterian  Missionary  Congress  of  New 
York  State,  June  10th  and  11th. 

Supreme  Lodge  A.  O.  U.  W. ,  Annual  Con- 
vention, June  16th  to  30th. 

New  York  State  Pharmaceutical  Associa- 
tion, June  23d. 

International  League  of  Press  Clubs,  June 
23d  to  27th. 

American  Association  of  Physicians  and 
Surgeons,  June  24th  and  25th. 

National  Educational  Association,  July  3d 
to  12th. 


THE  CHEAPEST   POWER  IN  THE  WORLD  IS  AT  BUFFALO 


BUFFALO,  THE  FOURTH  COMMERCIAL  CITY  IN  THE  WORLD. 
160  COMMON   COUNCIL   MANUAL. 

National  Association  Saddlery,  Hardware 
Dealers,  July  14th  to  16th. 

International  Cantonment  Patriarch  Mili- 
tans  I.  O.  O.  F. ,  Aug.    4th  to  7th. 

German  Christian  Endeavor  Society,  An- 
nual Conference,  Aug.    5th  to  8th. 

American  Association  for  the  Advancement 
of  Science,  Aug.     22d  to  Sept.  3d. 

National  Association  of  Stationary  I  En- 
gineers, Aug.  31th  to  Sept.  6th. 

United  States  Veterinary  Medical  Associa- 
tion, Sept,     1st  to  6th. 

National  Association  Casket,  Hardware 
Men,  Sept,  9th. 

American  Public  Health  Association,  Sept. 
15th,  16th  and  17th. 

National  Association  of  Builders,  Sept.  14th 
to  33d. 

National  Association  Commissioners  and 
Inspectors  of  Buildings,  Sept.   loth  to  33d. 

Democratic  State  Convention,  Sept  L6th, 
17th  and  18th. 

Polish  Roman  Catholic  Congress,  Sept. 
20th  to  25th. 

Independent  Polish  Catholic  Church  Con- 
vention, Sept.  33d  t<>  36th. 

Annual  Reunion  of  the  Tenth  New  York 
Cavalry  Veterans,  Oct,  6th. 


THE   MOST  CENTRAL  SHIPPING  POINT  IN  THE  COUNTRY. 


BUFFALO  HAS  A  PROVEN   POPULATION  OF  389,133. 
CITY  OP  BUFFALO.  161 

Federation  of  Women's  Clubs  and  Societies 
of  Western  New  York,  First  Meeting,  Oct. 
15th  and  16th. 

Royal  Templars  of  Temperance,  First  Grand 
District  Convention,  Oct.    29th  and  30th. 

Epworth  League,  Buffalo  District  of  the 
Genesee  Conference,  Oct.  29th,  30th  and  31st. 

German  United  Evangelical  Synod  of  North 
America  and  German  Reform  Synod,  Nov. 
1st. 

Federation  of  Women's  Clubs  and  Societies, 
Second  Annual  Convention,  Nov.  10th,  11th 
and  12th. 

State  Banking  Association,  Group  1,  Nov. 
19th. 


CONVENTIONS  FOR  1897. 

National  Brick  Manufacturers'  Association. 

Junior  Order  of  United  American  Mechan- 
ics. 

The  Buffalo  Poultry  Association. 

National  Association  of  Bridge  and  Struct- 
ural Iron  Workers. 

Spiritualists. 

Convention  of  Railroad  Men,  representing 
the  Brotherhood  of  Locomotive  Engineers,  the 

THE  CHEAPEST  POWER  IN  THE  WORLD  IS  AT  BUFFALO. 


BUFFALO,  THE  FOURTH  COMMERCIAL  CITY  IN  THE  WORLD. 
162  COMMON   COUNCIL  MANUAL. 

Brotherhood  of  Locomotive  Firemen,  the  Order 
of  Railway  Conductors,  Order  of  Railway 
Trainmen  and  Order  of  Telegraphers. 

G.  A.  R.  Encampment. 

National  Convention  of  the  World's  W.  C. 
T.  U.  and  the  Dominion  W.  C.  T.  U. 

National  Hardware  Association. 

Young  People's  Christian  Union. 

Baptist  State  Convention. 

St.  Andrew's  Brotherhood. 

Supreme  Ruling  of  the  Fraternal  Mystic 
Circle. 

North  American  Bee  Keepers'  Association. 

Great  Council  of  Red  Men  of  the  State  of 
New  York. 

The  Luther  League  of  New  York  State. 


CONVENTIONS  FOR  1898. 

The    Packers    of    Canned  Goods    from    the 

Atlantic  States. 
The  Machinery  and  Supplies  Associations. 
The  National  Foremen  Cutters. 
International  Union  of  Bievele  Workers. 


THE   MOST   CENTRAL  SHIPPING  POINT   IN  THE  COUNTRY. 


BUFFALO   HAS  A   PROVEN   POPULATION   OF  389,138. 


CITY  OF  BUFFALO.  163 


BUFFALO'S  HOTELS. 


Fourty-Eight     Distinct     Establishments     Are     Now 

Operating    in    the  City    of  Buffalo  Under  City 

Licenses;  the  More  Prominent  of  These 

and  Their  Convention  Capacities 

Are  Given  Below. 

Name  of  Hotel.  Capacity. 

Iroquois 1,000 

Niagara 400  to  450 

Genesee 1,000 

Tifft 850  to  950 

Broezel    800  to  900 

Mansion   800  to  900 

Stafford 500 

New  Continental 900  to  1,000 

Arlington 400  to  500 

Ontario,    formerly 

Gruener's 150  to  200 

All  of  the  hotels  named  above  are  large  es- 
tablishments, containing  ample  parlor  room  for 
"headquarters"  of  various  delegations,  and 
which  could  be  used  for  this  purpose  if  desired. 
And,  of  course,  above  are  not  enumerated  the 
Niagara  Falls  hotels  or  the  hundreds  of  board- 
ing houses,  and  the  many  smaller  hostleries, 
which  have  agreements  with  the  local  hotels  to 
take  care  of  their  overflow  of  guests. 

THE  CHEAPEST   POWER  IN  THE  WORLD  IS  AT  BUFFALO. 


BUFFALO,  THE  FOURTH  COMMERCIAL  CITY  IN  THE  WORLD. 


164 


COMMON  COUNCIL  MANUAL. 


COMFORTABLE  BUFFALO. 


The   Ideal  Summer  Climate  of  America-A  Table  of 
Temperature  and  Humidity  which  Explains  Itself. 

MAXIMUM  OF  WARM  WAVE. 

The  following  comparative  table  contains 
volumes  of  information  about  the  hot  weather, 
and  shows  that,  with  a  comparatively  moder- 
ate temperature,  a  brisk  breeze  and  only  a 
fair  amount  of  humidity,  Buffalo  had  the 
' '  best  place  in  the  procession' '  during  the  un- 
usually hot  summer  of  1896. 


Is 

45 

282 

&S2 

3** 

g§o3 

a.aa 

o  5  2 

asp: 
■go  a 

of  daysmaxi- 
temperature 
»ded  Buffalo's 
mum. 

sis 

111 

°Btc 

££S 

~a 

-  —   I 
JO- 

a  t*.v 

No 
mum 
exce« 
maxi 

OjjD 

Buffalo 

85 
92 

76 

81 

66 

77 

307 

175 

Rochester.  .. 

10 

3 

Erie 

92 

82 

72 

249 

8 

1 

Cleveland 

93 

82 

83 

285 

8 

5 

Detroit 

95 

84 

82 

219 

7 

2 

Chicago 

98 

87 

69 

413 

9 

6 

Cincinnati. . . 

96 

85 

72 

143 

13 

6 

New  York.... 

94 

85 

70 

144 

10 

7 

Philadelphia. 

97 

87 

52 

171 

14 

12 

Baltimore  . . . 

98 

88 

65 

77 

14 

10 

Milwaukee.. 

98 

86 

74 

325 

8 

6 

St.  Louis 

100 

91 

66 

320 

16 

12 

Memphis 

Pittsburgh... 

101 

98 

56 

174 

16 

16 

94 

84 

70 

109 

11 

5 

Columbus 

94 

82 

£4 

157 

12 

7 

Duluth 

90 

80 

80 

278 

3 

1 

Albany 

95 

84 

72 

98 

11 

9 

Kansas  City .. 

103 

90 

48 

246 

16 

11 

THE   MOST  CENTRAL  SHIPPING  POINT  IN  THE  COUNTRY. 


BUFFALO  HAS  A  PROVEN  POPULATION  OF  389,138. 


CITY  OF  BUFFALO. 


165 


SUMMARY  OF  HEATED  TERM,  1896. 

The  following  comparative  table  is  a  sum- 
mary of  the  entire  warm  spell.  It  shows  the 
mean  temperature,  humidity,  velocity  of 
wind,  etc. ,  for  the  16  days  in  the  various 
cities. 


W-T3 

<3  a 

<D  © 

«.s 

.a  £ 

bEP 

c3  s 

> 

s£ 

Sg 

Jsi 

a  o 

s 

Et3 

5§ 

S3 

Buffalo 

79.7 
84.6 

73 
75.4 

69 
72 

296 

Rochester 

161 

Erie 

81.5 
84 

74.6 
75.1 

78.5 
81 

210 

Cleveland 

239 

Detroit 

83.8 
85.1 

75.8 
78.1 

78  3 
68.1 

189 

Chicago 

328 

THE  CHEAPEST  POWER  IN  THE  WORLD  IS  AT  BUFFALO. 


BUFFALO.  THE  FOURTH  COMMERCIAL  CITY  IN  THE  WORLD. 


166 


COMMON   COUNCIL  MANUAL. 


THE  CAP  JUST  FITS. 


An  Outline  of  Chicago  Fitted  over  Buffalo  and  Niagara 

Falls  Takes  in  Both  and  Shows  the  "  Greater 

Buffalo"  of  the  Future. 


\«& 


\&r 


Comparative  Area  of  the 

NIAGARA  FRONTIER 

AND  CHICAGO. 

Area  of  Chicago,  18 1  «quar«  mlle» 
Area  of  Buffalo,  42  equare  mile* 


BUFFALO  HAS  A  PROVEN   POPULATION  OF  389,138. 


CITY  OF  BUFFALO.  167 


BUFFALO  THE  ELECTRIC  CITY. 


Text  of  the  franchise  of  the  City  of  Buffalo  to  the  several 
companies  for  the  introduction  of  electric  power  within 
the  corporate  limits  of  the  City  of  Buffalo.  Adopted 
by  the  Common  Council,  December  2,  1895: 

First — "Whenever  either  of  said  companies 
shall  desire  to  erect  poles,  string  wires,  or 
cables,  or  lay  conduits  under  this  grant,  it 
shall  file  with  the  Board  of  Public  Works  a 
plan  drawn  to  scale,  showing  the  streets,  ave- 
nues, alleys  or  other  public  places,  or  parts 
thereof,  in  which  it  proposes  to  erect  poles, 
string  wires  or  cables,  or  lay  conduits,  and 
the  particular  part  thereof  it  proposes  to 
occupy  for  each  such  purpose,  and  shall  at  the 
same  time  present  and  file  with  said  board 
definite  written  specifications  of  the  electrical 
conductors,  wires,  poles  and  conduits  proposed 
to  be  erected,  strung  or  laid  by  it,  specifying 
the  material  and  dimensions  thereof,  the 
height  of  wires,  the  depth  of  conduits,  the 
methods  of  insulation  and  the  devices  to  be 
used  for  the  protection  of  life  and  property, 
which  shall  be  the  most  approved,  and  said 
company  shall  not  have  authority  to  proceed 

THE  CHEAPEST  POWER  IN  THE  WORLD  IS  AT  BUFFALO. 


BUFFALO,  THE  FOURTH  COMMERCIAL  CITY  IN  THE  WORLD. 


168  COMMON  COUNCIL  MANUAL. 

With  any  of  said  work  until  the  board  shall 
have  approved  snch  plans  and  specifications 
as  modified  or  amended  and  shall  have  re- 
ported its  action  to  the  Common  Council,  and 
said  Council  shall  have  approved  thereof,  and  a 
written  permit  shall  have  been  issued  by  said 
board  therefor ;  and  in  addition  thereto  the 
consent  of  the  Board  of  Park  Commissioners 
shall  be  requisite  as  to  any  lands  or  grounds 
of  which  it  has  the  general  charge  and  con- 
trol. 

Second — All  poles  erected  and  conduits  laid 
by  said  company,  excepting  lateral  lines  ex- 
tending not  more  than  2,000  feet  from  amain 
line  of  transmission,  shall  be  of  sufficient  size 
and  capacity  and  of  such  construction  as  to 
afford  suitable  and  sufficient  facilities  for  at 
least  one  other  company  requiring  as  great 
facilities  as  the  company  receiving  this  grant 
shall  at  any  time  require  in  any  such  street, 
which  additional  space  and  facilities  shall  be 
shown  and  specified  in  the  plans  and  specifica- 
tions filed  by  said  company  under  the  i\v>x 
subdivision  hereof  and  shall  not  be  used  by 
the  company  receiving  this  grant  or  its  as- 
signee or  transferee,  for  a  period  of  10  years 
after  its  acceptance  of  this  grant ;  and  at  any 
time    during  said  10  years  said  city  may  use 

THE  MOST  CENTRAL  SHIPPING  POINT   IN  THE  COUNTRY. 


BUFFALO  HAS  A   PROVEN   POPULATION  OF  389,138. 
CITY  OF  BUFFALO.  169 

such  additional  space  or  any  part  thereof  for 
any  public  purpose  from  which  it  shall  not 
derive  a  revenue  without  being  liable  to  the 
company  constructing  the  same  for  rental  or 
other  charges,  and  such  use,  if  commenced, 
may  be  continued  upon  the  same  terms  for 
the  whole  period  of  this  grant.  Said  city  may 
also  use  such  additional  space,  or  any  part 
thereof,  during  said  period  of  10  years  for 
the  purpose  of  furnishing  light,  heat  or  power 
for  other  than  public  purposes,  or  may  author- 
ize any  other  company  receiving  a  substan- 
tially similar  grant  from  the  Common  Council 
to  use  such  additional  space  and  facilities,  or 
any  part  thereof,  for  similar  purposes,  but  in 
such  case  the  City,  or  such  other  company,  as 
the  case  may  be,  shall,  before  using  such  ad- 
ditional space  or  facilities,  make  compensation 
to  the  company  receiving  this  grant,  for  the 
use  thereof,  which  compensation  shall  be  a  just 
proportionate  part  of  the  cost  of  construction 
of  the  poles  and  conduits  so  proposed  to  be 
used  by  the  City,  or  such  other  company,  and  of 
the  expense  of  altering  and  repairing  the  same, 
together  with  six  (6)  per  cent,  interest  upon 
such  proportionate  part  from  the  time  of  the 
investment  thereof  by  the  company  receiving 
this  grant,  and  if  City,  or  such  other  company, 


THE  CHEAPEST  POWER  IN  THE  WORLD  IS  AT  BUFFALO. 


BUFFALO,  THE  FOURTH  COMMERCIAL  CITY  IN  THE  WORLD. 
170  COMMON   COUNCIL  MANUAL. 

as  the  case  may  be,  shall  be  unable  to  agree 
upon  such  compensation,  the  amount  thereof 
shall  be  fixed  by  three  arbitrators,  one  to  be 
named  by  each  of  the  interested  parties  and 
the  third  to  be  named  by  the  two  so  selected, 
and  their  determination  shall  be  final. 

If  the  City  or  any  other  company  shall  com- 
mence the  use  of  any  part  of  such  additional 
space  or  facilities,  during  said  period  of  10 
years,  as  lastly  above  provided,  such  use  as 
may  be  continued  for  the  whole  period  of  this 
grant  upon  the  City,  or  such  other  company, 
as  the  case  may  be,  paying  to  the  company 
receiving  this  grant  from  time  to  time  a  just 
proportion  of  the  cost  of  all  necessary  altera- 
tions and  repairs  to  the  poles  and  conduits  so 
used,  and  if  the  interested  parties  are  unable 
to  agree  thereto,  the  same  shall  be  determined 
in  the  manner  herein  above  provided  for  the 
determination  of  the  compensation  to  be  made 
in  the  first  instance. 

If  after  the  expiration  of  said  period  of  10 
years  any  of  such  additional  space  OP  facilities 
shall  remain  unused,  and  neither  the  City  nor 
any  other  company  shall  have  become  entitled 
to  use  the  same  hereunder,  then  in  such  case 
the  company  receiving  this  grant  may  use 
such  additional  space  or  facilitis  for  its    own 


THE   MOST  CENTRAL  SHIPPING  POINT   IN  THE  COUNTRY. 


BUFFALO   HAS   A   PROVEN   POPULATION   OF  389,138. 
CITY   OF  BUFFALO.  171 

purposes.  If  the  company  receiving  this 
grant  shall  refuse  to  permit  the  City  or  any 
such  other  company  or  companies  to  use  such 
poles  and  conduits  as  herein  provided,  or  shall 
refuse  to  name  such  arbitrators,  this  grant 
shall  thereupon  become  null  and  void. 

The  poles  or  conduits  to  be  erected  or  con- 
structed hereunder  shall  also  be  of  sufficient  ad- 
ditional capacity  to  accommodate  six  wires  of 
the  Buffalo  Fire  Alarm  Telegraph  and  six 
wires  of  the  Buffalo  Police  Signal  Call  System, 
and  suitable  and  sufficient  for  such  service, 
and  the  City  shall  be  permitted  to  use  the 
same  without  being  charged  therefor,  and  the 
space  and  facilities  so  provided  shall  always 
be  held  ready  and  available  for  use  by  the 
City. 

Third — All  work  authorized  and  required 
by  this  grant  shall  be  done  by  the  company  in 
a  safe,  thorough  and  workmanlike  manner 
and  under  the  supervision  and  subject  to  the 
approval  of  the  Board  of  Public  Works  or  such 
inspector  or  inspectors  as  it  may  appoint,  and 
said  Board  may  stop  and  prohibit  the  work, 
if  not  done  pursuant  to  such  plans  and 
specifications  and  as  required  by  it,  and  said 
board  may  at  the  expense  of  said  company,  at 
any  time  and  without  notice,  do  any  and    all 

THE  CHEAPEST  POWER  IN  THE  WORLD  IS  AT  BUFFALO. 


BUFFALO,  THE  FOURTH  COMMERCIAL  CITY  IN  THE  WORLD. 


172  COMMON  COUNCIL  MANUAL. 

work  necessary  to  restore  any  street,  avenue, 
alley  or  public  grounds  left  by  said  company 
in  a  condition  dangerous  to  life  or  property  to 
a  safe  condition  in  said  respects,  and  said 
company  shall  upon  demand  pay  the  city  all 
costs  of  supervising  such  construction  and  of 
doing  such  work. 

Fourth — That  said  company,  upon  reasonable 
notice  from  the  Board  of  Public  Works,  shall 
at  its  own  expense  from  time  to  time  adopt 
and  use  such  approved  methods  and  devices 
and  make  such  changes  and  alterations  in  its 
poles,  wires,  cables  and  conduits  for  the  pur- 
pose of  protecting  life  and  property  as  the 
Board  of  Public  Works  may,  with  the  ap- 
proval of  the  Common  Council,  require,  and 
in  case  of  its  failure  so  to  do,  said  board  may 
offer  reasonable  notice  to  said  company, 
furnish  the  material  and  do  the  work 
necessary  to  that  end,  and  said  company  shall 
upon  demand  pay  the  cost  thereof  to  said  City. 

Fifth — The  said  company  shall  upon  reason- 
able notice  from  the  Board  of  Public  Works, 
and  at  its  own  expense,  raise  or  lower  any 
wire  or  cable  maintained  by  it  and  move  any 
pole  or  conduit  to  permit  the  making  of  any 
necessary  local  improvement,  or  laying  of 
sewer  or  water  main  or  branch  thereof,  and 

THE  MOST  CENTRAL  SHIPPING  POINT  IN  THE  COUNTRY 


BUFFALO   HAS  A   PROVEN   POPULATION   OF  389.138. 

CITY  OF  BUFFALO.  173 

on  its  failure  to  comply  with  such  notice  the 
said  board  may  do  the  same,  and  said  company 
shall  on  demand  pay  the  cost  thereof. 

Sixth — The  Common  Council  may  at  any 
time  on  the  recommendation  of  the  Board  of 
Public  Works  require  that  the  wires  strung 
under  this  grant,  or  any  part  thereof,  shall 
be  placed  under  ground  and  the  poles  erected 
removed  within  such  reasonable  time  as  it 
may  prescribe. 

Seventh — Where  said  company  shall  desire 
to  use  a  street  in  which  a  company  having  a 
franchise  for  similar  purposes,  containing 
similar  conditions  to  those  embodied  in  this 
grant  shall  have  erected  poles,  strung  wires 
or  cables  or  laid  conduits,  the  company  receiv- 
ing this  grant  shall  use  the  poles  or  conduits  of 
such  other  company,  and  make  just  compen- 
sation therefor  as  may  be  provided  in  the 
grant  to  such  other  company, or  in  other  law- 
ful manner,  provided  that  such  poles  or  con- 
duits are  suitable  and  sufficient  for  such  use 
and  that  such  use  is  consistent  with  safety  to 
life  and  property. 

Eighth — The  said  company  shall,  during  the 
entire  period  of  this  grant,  supply  electricity 
to  such  extent  as  the  capacity  of  its  plant  and 
its  facilities  for  increasing  the  same  will  per  - 

THE  CHEAPEST  POWER  IN  THE  WORLD  IS  AT  BUFFALO. 


BUFFALO,  THE  FOURTH  COMMERCIAL  CITY  IN  THE  WORLD. 
174  COMMON   COUNCIL  MANUAL. 

mit  to  all  persons  and  corporations  desiring 
the  same  in  said  city,  and  situate  along  any 
of  its  main  lines  of  transmission,  or  within 
2,000  feet  thereof,  upon  their  complying  with 
such  general  rules  and  regulations  not  incon- 
sistent herewith  as  it  may  make  with  respect 
thereto,  and  shall  not  charge  therefor  a  greater 
proportionate  price  or  higher  rate  per  horse- 
power than  it  shall  charge  other  consumers  in 
said  City  for  the  same  or  a  less  quantity  of 
electricity  supplied  the  same  or  a  greater 
distance  from  a  distributing  station  and  also 
from  a  main  line  of  transmission,  and  shall 
not  charge  any  customer  a  greater  propor- 
tionate price,  or  higher  rate  per  horse-power, 
than  it  shall  have  previously  charged  him,  or 
a  greater  proportionate  price,  or  higher  rate 
per  horse-power,  than  it  shall  charge  customers 
at  other  points  farther  from  its  Niagara  Falls 
power-house  for  the  same  or  a  less  quantity  of 
electricity  supplied  the  same  or  a  greater 
distance  from  a  distributing  station.  The  dis- 
tributing stations  shall  be  shown  by  amended 
plans,  to  be  filed  with  the  Board  of  Public 
Works,  before  the  company  commences  to  sup- 
ply electricity  hereunder,  and  any  line  of 
transmission  more  than  2,000  feet  in  length 
shall  be  deemed  a  main  line  of  transmission. 

THE   MOST   CENTRAL  SHIPPING  POINT  IN  THE  COUNTRY. 


BUFFALO   HAS   A  PROVEN   POPULATION   OF  389,138. 
CITY   OF   BUFFALO.  l75 

Whenever  said  company  shall  have  received 
bona-fide  applications  for  power  aggregating 
one  thousand  horse-power,  to  be  furnished 
within  a  radius  of  half  a  mile  from  any  point 
in  any  part  of  the  City  where  it  has  not  con- 
structed a  line  of  transmission,  and  the  appli- 
cants shall  have  tendered  such  company  con- 
tracts for  the  use  of  power  aggregating  said 
amount  for  at  least  one  year,  accompanied  by  a 
bond  for  the  performance  of  such  contract,  with 
two  or  more  sureties  with  proper  affidavits  of 
justification,  which  contract  shall  conform  to 
said  company's  general  rules  and  regulations 
not  inconsistent  herewith,  then  and  in  such 
case  the  Common  Council  may  order  and 
direct  that  said  company  within  six  months 
thereafter  extend  its  line  of  transmission  and 
furnish  electricity  to  such  applicants  in  the 
manner  and  on  the  conditions  hereinbefore 
provided,  so  far  as  the  capacity  of  its  plant 
and  its  facilities  for  increasing  the  same  will 
permit. 

Ninth — Said  company  shall  annually,  during 
the  term  of  this  grant,  excluding  the  first  six 
years  from  the  date  of  its  acceptance  thereof, 
pay  to  the  Treasurer  of  the  City  of  Buffalo  a 
sum  of  money  equal  to  two  and  one-half  (2)^) 
per  cent,  of  its  gross  receipts  from  all  electri- 

THE  CHEAPEST  POWER  IN  THE  WORLD  IS  AT  BUFFALO. 


BUFFALO,  THE  FOURTH  COMMERCIAL  CITY  IN  THE  WORLD. 
176  COMMON  COUNCIL  MANUAL. 

city  sold  or  furnished  for  lighting,  heating 
or  power  purposes  to  any  person,  company  or 
corporation  for  use  or  to  be  nsed  in  said  City 
and  regardless  of  whether  such  electricity  shall 
be  furnished  or  delivered  under  this  grant. 
Such  payment  shall  be  made  within  30 
days  after  the  expiration  of  each  year  from 
the  date  of  the  acceptance  of  this  grant,  ex- 
cluding the  first  six  years  thereafter,  and 
within  every  such  30  days  the  president 
and  treasurer  of  said  company  shall  make  a 
verified  report  to  the  Comptroller  of  the  gross 
amount  of  its  receipts  for  the  preceding  year, 
and  the  books,  records  and  contracts  of  said 
company  shall  be  open  to  inspection  and  ex- 
amination by  such  Comptroller  or  his  duly - 
appointed  agent  for  the  purpose  of  ascertain- 
ing the  correctness  of  its  report  as  to  such 
gross  receipts. 

Tenth — Said  company  shall  be  prepared  to 
supply  10,000  horse-power  to  consumers  within 
the  City  on  or  before  June  1,  1897,*  and  it 
shall  submit  the  plans  and  specifications  re- 
ferred to  in  Section  One  for  approval  within  !>o 
days  after  it  accepts  this  grant.  Said  company 
shall  also  be  prepared  to  furnish  ten  thousand 

*  Time  limit  extended  by  Common  Council  until  Decem- 
ber 81,  1897. 

THE   MOST  CENTRAL  SHIPPING  POINT  IN  THE  COUNTRY. 


BUFFALO   HAS   A   PROVEN   POPULATION   OF  889,138. 
CITY   OF   BUFFALO.  177 

(10,000)  additional  horse-power  within  each 
successive  year  thereafter  for  four  years,  as  far 
as  the  demand  therefor  may  require  the  same. 
Eleventh — This  grant  is  made  for  the  period 
of  36  years  from  the  date  of  this  ac- 
ceptance, as  provided  in  the  Fifteenth  sub- 
division hereof,  at  the  expiration  of  which 
period  all  rights  and  privileges  hereby  granted 
or  conferred  shall  cease  and  terminate  ;  but 
at  the  expiration  of  18  years  from  the 
date  of  such  acceptance  there  shall  be  a  re- 
adjustment of  the  percentages  to  be  paid  by 
said  company  to  said  City,  such  readjustment 
to  be  made  by  three  arbitrators,  one  to  be  ap- 
pointed by  the  company,  one  by  the  Mayor  of 
said  City,  and  the  two  so  selected  to  appoint 
a  third,  and  such  arbitrators  by  a  majority 
vote  shall  have  full  power  to  increase  or  de- 
crease the  percentages  to  be  paid  and  to  other- 
wise regulate  or  adjust  the  same  as  to  them 
shall  seem  just  and  equitable,  and  their  de- 
termination shall  be  final  and  binding  upon 
both  parties,  and  from  the  time  of  the  filing 
of  a  written  report  by  them  with  the  City 
Clerk  of  said  City  said  Section  Nine  hereof 
shall  for  the  remaining  18  years  of  said 
term  be  deemed  amended  and  modified  in 
accordance  with  their  determination. 

THE  CHEAPEST  POWER  IN  THE  WORLD  IS  AT  BUFFALO. 


BUFFALO,  THE  FOURTH  COMMERCIAL  CITY  IN  THE  WORLD. 


178  COMMON   COUNCIL  MANUAL. 

Twelfth — This  grant  shall  not  be  transfer- 
able or  assignable  without  the  consent  of  the 
Common  Council,  and  said  company  shall  not 
consolidate  or  merge  with  any  other  company 
or  corporation  or  enter  into  any  agreement  to 
prevent  competition  or  to  prevent  the  reduc- 
tion of  the  price  of  electricity  without  such 
consent, but  the  City  of  Buffalo,  by  its  Com- 
mon Council  hereby  agrees  that  it  will,  on 
application  of  said  company,  to  be  made  with- 
in six  months  after  the  acceptance  of  tins 
grant,  consent  that  this  grant  may  be  assigned 
or  sublet  once  to  a  company  organized 
under  the  laws  of  this  State  for  the  purpose  of 
distributing  electricity  and  operating  under 
this  grant,  and  not  having  any  similar  grant, 
or  any  other  assignment  of  a  similar  grant 
in  said  City,  provided,  however,  that  such 
assignment  shall  not  take  effect  until  the  as- 
signee shall  by  a  written  communication  to 
the  Common  Council  accept  the  assignment  of 
this  grant  and  agree  to  be  bound  by  all  of  its 
terms  and  conditions  and  that  it  will  pay  the 
same  rate  of  percentage  of  its  own  gross  re- 
ceipts to  said  City  and  in  the  same  manner  as 
its  assignor  company  is  hereby  obliged  to  pay. 
the  intent  being  that  the  percentage  shall  be  a 
percentage  of  and  determined  by  the  receipts 

THE   MOST  CENTRAL  SHIPPING  POINT  IN  THE  COUNTRY. 


BUFFALO  HAS  A  PROVEN  POPULATION  OF  389,138. 
CITY  OF  BUFFALO.  179 

of  the  assignee  company,  instead  of  the  re- 
ceipts of  the  assignor  company.  Such  written 
acceptance  to  contain  a  further  condition  that 
if  any  other  assignment  or  transfer  of  the 
grant  shall  be  made  without  the  consent  of 
the  Common  Council  the  grant  shall  there- 
upon be  and  become  null  and  void,  nor  shall 
such  assignment  take  effect  until  a  bond  in 
the  form  and  conditions  provided  in  Section 
Thirteen  shall  have  been  given  by  the  assignee 
and  approved  as  therein  provided,  the  form 
and  conditions  of  the  bond  to  be  suitably 
modified  to  apply  to  such  assignee,  provided, 
however,  that  the  company  may  include  this 
grant  in  any  mortgages  which  it  may  give  to 
secure  its  corporate  bonds. 

Thirteenth — Before  any  plans  or  specifica- 
tions filed  with  the  Board  of  Public  Works  as 
herein  provided  shall  be  approved,  said  com- 
pany shall  file  with  the  Comptroller  a  bond 
to  the  City  of  Buffalo  in  the  penal  sum  of  two 
hundred  and  fifty  thousand  (250,000)  dollars, 
with  sufficient  sureties  to  be  approved  by 
the  Mayor,  conditional  that  no  excavation  or 
obstruction  will  unnecessarily  be  made, placed 
or  continued  by  it  in  any  street,  avenue,  alley 
or  public  ground,  and  that  all  excavations 
or  obstructions  made   or  placed  by  it  at  any 

THE  CHEAPEST  POWER  IN  THE  WORLD  IS  AT  BUFFALO. 

7 


BUFFALO,  THE  FOURTH  COMMERCIAL  CITY  IN  THE  WORLD. 
180  COMMON   COUNCIL  MANUAL. 

time  in  any  street,  avenue,  alley  or  public 
ground  shall  be  properly  guarded  and  the 
public  shall  be  suitably  protected  against  ac- 
cidents therefrom;  and  that  any  pavement, 
sidewalk,  curbstone,  gutter,  street,  avenue, 
alley  or  public  ground  torn  up,  displaced  or 
disturbed  by  it  shall  be  replaced  by  it  to  its 
former  condition  as  far  as  practicable  with  all 
due  diligence,  and  that  any  pavement  or  side- 
walk so  removed  and  replaced  shall  be  kept  in 
good  order  and  repair  by  it  for  five  years 
thereafter  ;  but  it  shall  not  be  liable  for  repairs 
rendered  necessary  by  the  acts  of  third  parties  ; 
and  that  it  will  fully  indemnify  and  save  the 
City  harmless  from  and  against  all  claims, 
actions  or  suits  at  law  or  in  equity  of  any 
name  or  nature  for  damages  to  persons  or 
property  resulting  from,  occasioned  by  or 
growing  out  of  its  omission  to  properly  guard 
any  such  excavation  or  obstruction  or  to 
speedly  remove  all  dirt,  rubbish  or  other  sur- 
plus material  placed  or  left  in  any  street,  ave- 
nue, alley  or  public  ground  or  to  properly  or 
Bpeedily  restore  any  street,  avenue,  alley  ox 
public  ground, which  it  shall  disturb  or  inter- 
fere with,  to  Bfl  .untnl  condition  as  the  same 
was  before  such  disturbance  <>r  Interference, 
or  in  consequence  of  or  growing  out    of   the 


THE   MOST   CENTRAL  SHIPPING  POINT   IN  THE  COUNTRY. 


BUFFALO  HAS  A  PROVEN   POPULATION  OF  389,138. 
CITY   OF  BUFFALO.  181 

making  of  this  grant,  or  permitting  the  trans- 
mission of  such  electricity  into  the  City,  or 
into  the  City  in  the  manner  herein  provided, 
and  that  it  will  indemnify  and  reimburse  the 
City  and  all  other  persons  and  corporations 
for  any  damages  or  injuries  caused  or  oc- 
casioned by  it,  its  servants  or  agents,  or  the 
electricity  transmitted  under  this  grant,  to 
any  water,  gas  or  sewer  pipe,  or  any  main  or 
branch  thereof,  or  by  any  other  structure  or 
improvement  that  may  lawfully  be  in  any 
street,  avenue,  alley  or  public  ground;  and 
that  it  will  on  demand  pay  all  expenses  of  the 
City  in  inspecting  or  supervising  any  work 
done  under  this  grant  and  in  doing  any  work 
where  said  company  shall  fail,  omit,  neglect  or 
refuse  to  do  the  same  as  herein  provided,  and, 
generally,  that  it  will  well  and  truly  keep, 
observe  and  comply  with  each  and  every  prop- 
osition, stipulation  and  obligation  of  this 
grant.  The  liability  under  such  bond  to  con- 
tinue until  the  filing  in  the  office  of  the 
Comptroller  of  a  certificate  from  the  Board  of 
Public  Works  that  the  terms  thereof  have 
been  fully  complied  with,  and  that  such  bond 
shall  be  renewed  by  said  company  from  time 
to  time  as  the  Common  Council  may  direct. 
If  this  grant  shall  be  assigned,  as  authorized 


THE  CHEAPEST   POWER  IN  THE  WORLD  IS  AT  BUFFALO. 


BUFFALO,  THE  FOURTH  COMMERCIAL  CITY  IN  THE  WORLD. 
182  COMMON   COUNCIL   MANUAL. 

in  the  twelfth  section,  said  company  and 
its  sureties  on  the  bond  given,  as  herein  pro- 
vided, shall  thereby  be  released  from  liability 
thereon  to  the  extent  that  the  City  shall  be 
protected  in  the  performance  and  fulfillment 
of  its  obligations  under  this  grant  by  the  bond 
given  by  its  assignee  as  provided  in  said 
twelfth  section  and  to  no  other  or  greater  ex- 
tent. 

Fourteenth — If  the  said  company  shall  will- 
fully violate  or  fail  to  comply  with  any  pro- 
vision of  this  grant  for  90  days  after 
notice  from  the  Board  of  Public  Works,  or 
shall  willfully  and  unreasonably  neglect  or 
fail  to  comply  with  any  notice  given  to  said 
company  under  the  provisions  of  the  Fourth, 
Fifth  or  Sixtli  clauses  of  this  grant,  it  shall 
forfeit  all  rights  hereunder  and  this  grant 
may  be  revoked  and  annulled  by  said  Council. 

Fifteenth— This  grant  shall  not  become 
operative  until  said  company  shall  have  filed 
with  the  City  Clerk  a  written  acceptance  of 
all  the  terms  and  conditions  thereof,  and  shall 
be  void  if  saoh  acceptance  shall  not  be  filed 
within  one  month  after  the  adoption  thereof. 

Accepted  by  Power  Company,  Jan.  14, 
IS!  Hi. 


THE   MOST  CENTRAL  SHIPPING  POINT   IN  THE  COUNTRY. 


BUFFALO   HAS   A   PROVEN   POPULATION   OF  389,138. 


CITY  OF  BUFFALO.  183 


CENTRAL  TO  EVERYWHERE. 


Buffalo,  the    Headquarters  of  Cheap  Power,  is  \vith  = 

in  a  Night's  Ride  of  Nearly  Every  Great 

City  in  the  United  States. 


Half  of  the  population  of  the  Union  lives 
within  450  miles  of  Buffalo,  which  is  already 
the  fourth  commercial  city  in  the  world. 

Draw  a  circle,  with  Buffalo  as  its  center, 
and  representing  450  miles  in  every  direction, 
from  center  to  circumference,  and  in  that 
circle  you  will  find  located  such  great  cities  as 
Chicago,  Detroit,  Indianapolis,  Cincinnati, 
Pittsburg  and  Toronto,  to  the  northwest  and 
southwest,  and  Washington,  Baltimore, 
Philadelphia,  New  York,  Jersey  City,  Brook- 
lyn, Boston,  Providence  and  intervening 
cities,  to  the  south  and  east ;  Quebec,  Montreal 
and  Portland,  Maine,  come  also  within  the 
circumference.  Within  this  charmed  circle 
live  35,000,000  of  the  citizens  of  the  United 
States,  and  within  it  are  located  135  cities  of 
over  20,000  inhabitants,  the  most  distant    of 

THE  CHEAPEST  POWER  IN  THE  WORLD  IS  AT  BUFFALO. 


BUFFALO,  THE  FOURTH  COMMERCIAL  CITY  IN  THE  WORLD. 
184  COMMON  COUNCIL  MANUAL. 

which  is  reachable  from  Buffalo  in  one  short 
night's  ride  in  a  Pullman  or  Wagner  sleeper. 
This  hub  of  half  the  Union,  the  greater 
manufacturing  city  than  Manchester,  the 
close  rival  of  Liverpool,  is  only  ranked  as  a 
commercial  city  by  three  others,  according  to 
the  annual  message  of  His  Honor  Mayor 
Edgar  B.  Jewett,  who  has  made  a  study  of  this 
subject,  and  it  has  thus  obtained  a  start,  in  the 
municipal  procession  of  the  world  which 
nothing  can  impede,  retard  or  arrest. 


*£$& 


THE   MOST   CENTRAL  SHIPPING  POINT   IN  THE  COUNTRY 


BUFFALO'S   POSITION 

Among  the  Larger  Cities  of  America  in  1890  and  1895, 

and  the  Population,  Distance  from  New  York, 

and  Difference  Between  Mean  and 

Standard  Time  in  Each. 


Standard 

CITIES. 

Population 
1890. 

Miles. 

Hours. 

Time. 
*  (  Mean 
t )  Time 

New  York,  N.  Y. . . 

1,513,501 

*    4  m. 

Chicago,  111 

1,098,576 

"912 

24' 

*    9 

Philadelphia,  Pa. . . 

1,044,894 

90 

2 

+    1 

Brooklyn.  N.  Y.... 

804,377 

*    4 

St.  Louis.  Mo 

450,245 

1065 

29.'40 

t    1 

Boston,  Mass 

446.507 

234 

6 

*16 

Baltimore.  Md 

433,547 

188 

4.09 

t    6 

San  Francisco,  Cal. 

297.990 

3209 

132 

*22 

Cincinnati.  Ohio. . . 

296,309 

757 

21.10 

t27 

Cleveland,  Ohio 

261,546 

585 

14.20 

tl6 

Buffalo,  N.  Y 

254,457 

410 

9  45 

tio 

BDFFAL0.1897 

389,138 

7  YEA 

RS'GF 
140  54; 

IOWTH, 

New  Orleans,  La. . . 

241.995 

1371 

48 

0 

Pittsburgh.  Pa. 

238,473 

444 

12 

t20 

Washington,  D.  C. 

228,160 

228 

5.25 

t    8 

Detroit,  Mich 

205,669 

646 

19.10 

*28 

Milwaukee,  Wis 

204,150 

997 

27.10 

*    8 

Newark,  N.  J 

181.518 

10 

.30 

*    3 

Minneapolis,  Minn. 

164,738 

1332 

50.50 

tl2 

Louisville,  Ky 

161,005 

867 

24.30 

*18 

Omaha,  Neb 

139,526 

1402 

43.30 

tl4 

Rochester,  N.  Y. .. 

138,327 

374 

8.50 

til 

St.  Paul,  Minn 

133,156 

1322 

50.30 

+  12 

Kansas  City,  Mo. .. 

132,416 

1385 

41.30 

+  19 

Providence,  R.  I. .. 

132.099 

188 

5.30 

*14 

Denver,  Col  

126,186 

1982 

56.30 

0 

Indianapolis,  Ind.. 

107,445 

825 

23 

*16 

Albany,  N.  Y 

93,523 

145 

3.30 

*    5 

Columbus,  Ohio... 

90,398 

540 

17 

*28 

Syracuse,  N.  Y 

87,877 

293 

7.15 

+    5 

Worcester,  Mass. . . 

84.536 

190 

5 

*13 

Toledo,  Ohio 

82,652 

706 

17.30 

*16 

Richmond,  Va 

80,838 

342 

11.15 

+  10 

Nashville,  Tenn.... 

76.309 

1000 

30.30 

*17 

Memphis,  Tenn ... 

64,586 

1244 

44.30 

0 

Grand  Rapids.Mich 

64,147 

934 

30.30 

*17 

Lincoln,  Neb 

55,491 

1460 

43 

+  22 

Charleston,  S.  C... 

54,592 

803 

31 

+  24 

Hartford,  Conn 

53,182 

113 

3 

*    9 

Des  Moines,  Iowa. . 

50,067 

1270 

41 

+  14 

Portland,  Ore 

47.294 

3232 

133 

+  20 

BUFFALO,  THE  FOURTH  COMMERCIAL  CITY  IN  THE  WORLD. 


186  COMMON  COUNCIL  MANUAL. 


BUFFALO'S  CLUB   LIFE. 


The  club  life  of  a  city  tells  its  own  story  of 
that  city's  development  and  intellectuality ; 
and  clubs  of  the  social  sort  with  representative 
memberships  indicate  the  possession  of  that 
wealth  which  is  a  pre-requisite  to  the  leisure 
which  makes  culture  possible.  The  older  and 
more  wealthy  a  city,  the  greater  the  number 
of  organizations  of  this  character.  They  imply 
a  great  deal  more  than  is  usually  understood, 
for  through  them  is  accomplished  the  amal- 
gamation into  a  consistent  and  useful  whole 
of  many  diverse  characters  and  characteristics, 
which,  standing  apart  and  alone,  would  be  far 
less  capable  of  good  to  the  community  than 
when  co-operating  with  others,  so  clubs  have 
their  beneficient  side  and  are  important 
factors  in  the  development  of  civilization. 

On  the  tenth  floor  of  the  Ellicott  Square 
Building,  in  the  heart  of  the  business  district, 
occupying  one-half  of  its  space,  is  the  home 
of  the  Ellicott  Club— an  organization  of  busi- 
ness men,  primarily  formed  as  a  place  of  re- 
union for  the  midday  meal,  but  which  long 
ago  outgrew  the  original  intention  of  its 
charter  members  and  became  a  plact  foreven- 
ing  rallyings  as  well. 

THE   MOST  CENTRAL  SHIPPING  POINT  IN  THE  COUNTRY. 


BUFFALO   HAS   A   PROVEN   POPULATION   OF  389,138. 
CITY   OF  BUFFALO.  187 

There  are  637  members  in  this  club,  and  it 
is  the  handsomest  business  men's  club  in  the 
United  States.  Its  furnishings  are  incom- 
parable, the  decorations  are  of  the  Empire 
style,  and  its  kitchen  rivals  in  convenience,  as 
its  chef  does  in  culinary  genius,  those  of  the 
greatest  hotels  in  the  world.  The  unique 
character  of  this  club  calls  for  its  especial 
mention  here. 

The  Buffalo  Club  is  probably  the  oldest  of 
the  social  organizations  of  the  city,  and  its 
membership  is  in  every  respect  highly  rep- 
resentative of  good  citizenship  and  culture. 

Other  prominent  clubs  and  their  respective 
memberships  are : 

No.  of      Telephone 
Members.        No. 

Acacia  Club,  Masonic  Temple 600      Seneca  406 

Buffalo  Club,  388  Delaware  Avenue 500     Tupper  174 

Buffalo  Press  Club,  208  Main  Street 208      Seneca  723 

Buffalo  Chess  and  Whist  Club,  584  Main 

Street 98  None 

Country  Club,  Elmwood  Avenue,  North  of 

Park  Lake 156       Bryant  44 

Ellicott  Club,  Ellicott  Square  Building. .  .637     Sen.  1567  D 

Liberal  Club,  corner  Delaware  and  Ed- 
ward Street.  (300  is  the  limit  and 
there  is  a  "  waiting  list.") . . 300  Tupper  177D 

Phcenix  Club  (Hebrew),    283  Franklin 

Street 116         "         147 

Saturn  Club,  corner  Delaware  and  Ed- 
ward  271         M     177D 

THE  CHEAPEST   POWER  IN  THE  WORLD  IS  AT  BUFFALO. 


BUFFALO.  THE  FOURTH  COMMERCIAL  CITY  IN  THE  WORLD. 
188  COMMON   COUNCIL   MANUAL. 

No.  of     Telephone 
Members.         No. 
The  Twentieth  Century  Club  (Women), 

597  Delaware 280    Tupper  578 

The  University  Club,  884  Main  Street 246         "         247 

Unique  among  the  organizations  is  the  last 
named  but  one,  the  Twentieth  Century  Club, 
on  Delaware  avenue,  an  organization  owned 
and  controlled  by  the  ladies  of  Buffalo,  to 
whose  wisdom  and  good  taste  the  city  owes 
the  classic  structure  the  club  occupies.  It  was 
built  under  the  supervision  of  the  following 
officers  and  directors :  Miss  Charlotte  Mulli- 
gan, president ;  Mrs.  A.  P.  Wright,  first  vice- 
president  ;  Mrs.  Henry  T.  French,  second  vice- 
president  ;  Mrs.  John  C.  Glenny,  third  vice- 
president  ;  Mrs.  Horace  Reed,  treasurer  ;  Miss 
Mary  Dudley,  secretary ;  Mrs.  Robert  Keath- 
ing,  assistant  secretary ;  directors,  Mrs.  S.  D. 
Cornell,  Mrs.  W.  H.  Gratwick,  Mrs.  E.  S. 
Wheeler,  Mrs.  Robert  Wilson,  Mrs.  Truman 
G.  Avery,  Mrs.  E.  L.  Hedstrom,  Mrs.  F.  L. 
A.  Cady,Mrs.  Carleton  Sprague,  Mrs.  Charles 
Goodyear,  Mrs.  S.  M.  Clement,  Mrs.  Carleton 
Jewett,  Mrs.  H.  C.  Chard  and  Mrs.  Ansley 
Wilcox. 

The  property,  as  it  stands  today,  is  valued 
at  $75,000.  The  stock  is  nearly  all  owned  by 
the  club  members,  who  receive  six-per-cent. 
interest  <m  the  investment. 


THE   MOST  CENTRAL  SHIPPING  POINT  IN  THE  COUNTRY. 


BUFFALO  HAS  A  PROVEN   POPULATION  OF  389,138. 


CITY   OF  BUFFALO.  189 


WALL  STREET  AND  BUFFALO. 


The  Prices  Paid  for  Buffalo  City  Securities  Shows  that 
they  Lead  the  World  as  "  Gilt=Edged  "  Invest- 
ments. 


Buffalo  ranks  with  the  highest  in  financial 
credit,  as  shown  by  recent  sales  of  bonds. 
$555,000  School  and  Park  20 -year- installment 
3)^-per-cent.  bonds  sold  February  5th,  1897, 
at  an  average  of  $1.75  premium  on  $100,  and 
$194,687.11  Grade  Crossing  bonds,  running 
20  years  and  bearing  3)^-per-cent.  interest, 
sold  at  an  average  of  $2. 27  premium  per  $100, 
and  they  do  not  contain  the  Gold  clause,  nor 
are  they  exempt  from  taxes. 

The  City  of  New  York  sold,  November  9th, 
1896,  over  $16,000,000  3^ -pear-cent  bonds  to 
run  15  to  31  years  at  $10,471.  These  bonds 
contain  the  Gold  clause  and  are  exempt  from 
taxation  by  the  city. 

The  City  of  Brooklyn  sold,  November  5th, 
1896,  something  over  $2,000,000,  and  the 
highest  bid  was  $10,110  on  $750,000. 

The  City  of  Buffalo  has  not  found  it  neces- 
sary to  insert  the  Gold  clause  to  find  purchas- 
ers at  a  premium. 

THE  MOST  CENTRAL  SHIPPING  POINT  IN  THE  COUNTRY. 


BUFFALO,  THE  FOURTH  COMMERCIAL  CITY  IN  THE  WORLD. 


190  COMMON   COUNCIL  MANUAL. 


Boston  bonds  were  sold  November  23d,   1 8!  K I , 
at  1101,625  for  |100. 

Steadily  through  successive  administrations 
the  credit  of  the  City  of  Buffalo  enhances  and 
its  securities  appreciate  in  value  in  the  public 
mind  and  in  the  open  markets  and  the  ex- 
changes. Actual  sales  made  by  the  present 
Comptroller  show  a  steady  advantage  in  favor 
of  the  city,  over  those  made  by  his  predecessor, 
although  that  officer's  record  was  a  phenome- 
nally good  one  and  the  prices  obtained  under 
his  judicious  management  were  greatly  to  the 
advantage  of  the  taxpayers,  but  the  present 
incumbent  has  done  better  yet :  the  former 
highest  average  price  obtained  for  Buffalo 
City  bonds  was  on  an  interest  basis  of  8.45, 
whereas,  under  the  present  Republican  ad- 
ministration the  interest  basis  has  been  but 
3.33;  all  school  bonds  sold  under  the  former 
were  on  an  average  rate  of  interest  of  8.87)£, 
whereas  a  marked  improvement  in  advantage 
has  been  obtained  by  lowering  this  price  to 
3.28i£.  The  tax  loan  bonds  sold  under  similar 
circumstances  during  the  Democrat ic  ad- 
ministration, for  3.50  in  ten 'st,  and  under  the 
present  administration  for  3.38^,  all  of 
which,  while  it  may  not  demonstrate  greater 
efficiency  on  the  part  of  the  present  incumbent. 


THE   MOST   CENTRAL  SHIPPING  POINT   IN  THE  COUNTRY. 


BUFFALO  HAS  A  PROVEN   POPULATION  OF  389,138. 
CITY  OF  BUFFALO.  191 

or  in  any  way  reflect  on  the  financial  ability 
of  his  predecessor,  proves,  at  least,  one  thing 
beyond  demonstration,  which  is  that  Buffalo's 
position  in  the  financial  world  is  substantial, 
and  that  it  is  as  the  house  in  the  Scriptures 
that  was  builded  upon  a  rock,  all  of  which  is 
abundantly  proven  from  without  by  this 
written  testimony  from  Messrs.  Roberts  & 
Co. ,  bond  buyers  of  New  York  City,  shortly 
after  a  recent  sale  : 

"We  have  to  again  congratulate  you  upon 
having  made  a  most  successful  bond  sale.  In 
view  of  the  facts :  That  the  City  of  Cleveland 
realized  but  $100  premium  for  their  twenty- 
year  per-cent.  bonds,  and  that  the  highest  bid 
received  by  the  State  of  Massachusetts  for  its 
27}^ -year  gold  3}{  -per-cent.  bonds  was  but 
par  and  29-100,  the  sale  of  your  thirty-year 
currency  3)£ -per-cent.  bonds,  at  a  premium  of 
\2  per  cent,  is  remarkable. ' ' 


THE  CHEAPEST  POWER  IN  THE  WORLD  IS  AT  BUFFALO. 


BUFFALO,  THE  FOURTH  COMMERCIAL  CITY  IN  THE  WORLD. 


192  COMMON  COUNCIL  MANUAL. 


CENTRALIZING  PUBLIC  WORK. 


The  most  distinct  innovation  effected  by 
the  new  Charter  was  the  creation  of  the 
Board  of  Public  Works,  which  involved  the 
centralization  of  patronage  in  the  City  of 
Buffalo,  placing  the  reins  of  enormous  power 
in  the  hands  of  three  commissioners,  con- 
stituting a  central  body  of  control.  Subordi- 
nate to  these  commissioners,  and  holding  office 
during  their  pleasure,  are  the  heads  of  four  de- 
partments of  the  City  Government — now  de- 
signated as  "Bureaux, "  the  chiefs  of  three  of 
which  formerly  derived  their  office  directly 
from  the  people  at  general  elections.  These 
are  the  City  Engineer's  Department  (now  the 
Bureau  of  Engineering),  the  Street  Com- 
missioner's Department  (now  the  Bureau  of 
Streets),  the  Superintendent  of  Public  Build- 
ing (now  the  Bureau  of  Building),  while  the 
Water  Commission  has  been  transformed  into 
a  single-headed  department  or  Bureau, 
governed  by  the  Board  of  Public  Works,  which 
has  its  office  in  the  City  Hall.  The  three 
commissioners    constituting    this    Board    of 


THE  MOST  CENTRAL  SHIPPING  POINT  IN  THE  COUNTRY. 


BUFFALO   HAS  A  PROVEN   POPULATION   OF  389,138. 

CITY  OF  BUFFALO.  193 

Public  "Works  draw  each  $5,000  a  year,  and 
their  department  is  maintained  at  a  cost  to 
the  taxpayers  of  $10, 388. 16  every  two  weeks, 
which  includes  the  pay-roll  accounts  of  the 
central  office  and  its  auxiliary  bureaux ;  the 
salaries  account  of  the  main  office,  including 
the  pay  of  the  Commissioners,  amounts  to 
$•20,000  per  year. 


THE  CHEAPEST   POWER  IN  THE  WORLD  IS  AT  BUFFALO. 


BUFFALO,  THE  FOURTH  COMMERCIAL  CITY  IN  THE  WORLD. 


194  COMMON  COUNCIL  MANUAL. 


THE  BICYCLER'S    PARADISE. 


The  Asphalted  Streets  of  Buffalo  in  a  Straight  Line 

Would  Cover  Nearly   Half  the  Distance 

to  New  York. 


Buffalo  has  been  aptly  christened  the  ' '  Para- 
dise of  Cyclists. ' '  With  her  200  miles  of  as- 
phalt pavement  and  1!)  miles  of  park  drive- 
ways, Buffalo  is  vastly  better  suited  for  the 
use  of  the  bicycle  for  business  and  for  pleasure 
than  is  any  other  city  in  the  world.  It  is  es- 
timated, from  the  best  information  obtainable, 
that  there  are  60,000  bicycles  in  use  in  the 
city.  The  use  of  the  bicycle  for  business  pur- 
poses, especially  for  transportation  from  the 
home  to  the  factory,  shop  or  office,  is  exten- 
sive, and  seems  likely  to  be  almost  universal. 

There  are  a  great  many  near-by  resorts  and 
towns,  to  which  on  summer  holidays  many 
t In msands  of  cyclists  journey.  The  country 
roads  in  the  vicinity  are  good,  and  will  be 
hotter.  Favorite  runs  in  the  evenings  are  t<> 
Tonawanda,  on  the  brick  boulevard,  and 
around  the  Park  system,  and  a  cycle  path  to 
Niagara  Falls  is  nearly  assured.  A  trip  to  the 
beautiful  South  Park,  with  its  botanic  garden, 
is  also  becoming  a  favorite  recreation. 

THE   MOST  CENTRAL  SHIPPING  POINT   IN  THE  COUNTRY. 


BUFFALf'   HAS  A  PROVEN   POPULATION  OF  389,138. 
CITY  OF  BUFFALO.  195 

The  manufacture  of  bicycles  and  bicycle 
fittings  are  among  onr  most  active  industries. 
There  is  an  enormous  investment  in  the  busi- 
ness and  the  amount  is  largely  increased  this 
year.  Employment  is  found  for  thousands  of 
skilled  workmen. 

The  municipal  government  in  its  different 
departments  is  prompt  to  recognize  the  rights 
of  bicyclists,  and  accede  to  reasonable  demands 
on  their  behalf,  and  if  the  Park  Commissioners 
will  kindly  restrain  the  street  sprinkler,  in  a 
measure,  the  ensuing  season  will  be  one  of 
unequaled  activity  and  enjoyment  in  the  use 
of  the  bicycle. 

Eight  mounted  bicycle  policemen  protect  the 
rights  of  the  wheelmen,  drivers  and  pedes- 
trians, and  after  a  while  even  the  Jehus  of 
the  Merchants'  delivery  wagons  will  be 
brought  into  subjection  through  frequent  and 
judicious  arrests  and  forced  to  abandon  reck- 
less and  dangerous  driving  of  their  steeds, 
which  has  hitherto  much  imperilled  human 
life,  personal  security  and  the  pursuit  of 
happiness. 


THE  CHEAPEST   POWER  IN  THE  WORLD  IS  AT  BUFFALO. 


BUFFALO.  THE  FOURTH  COMMERCIAL  CITY  IN  THE  WORLD. 


19G  COMMON  COUNCIL  MANUAL. 


DEPEW  AND  BUFFALO. 


Fall  River's  loss  is  Buffalo's  gain.  Oue  of 
the  largest  cotton  mills  in  Fall  River,  Mass. , 
has  determined  to  move  to  Buffalo,  or  what 
is  substantially  Buffalo — the  village  of  De- 
pew,  on  the  eastern  outskirts  of  the  big  city 
and  connected  therewith  by  trolley.  These 
mills  employ  between  350  and  400  hands,  and 
Chauncey  M.  Depew  is  in  this  concern  a 
heavy  stockholder ;  many  prominent  Buffalo  - 
nians  are  also  interested  in  the  new  mills, 
and  there  will  be  no  lack  of  energy  or  capital 
to  keep  them  going  and  make  them  successful. 

Lancaster  &  Depew  Trolley.  An  electric- 
light  system  has  just  been  established  in  the 
pretty  suburb  of  Lancaster,  and  the  superbly 
ballasted  road  running  between  Buffalo  and 
that  village  will  inaugurate,  within  a  few 
days,  a  twenty-minute  service  between  7.00 
a.  m.  and  11.00  p.  m. 

Buffalo's  Business  Exchanges :  The  Mer- 
chants' Exchange,  the  Builders'  Exchange, 
the  Lumber  Exchange,  the  Live  Stock  E  x- 
change,  the  Real  Estate  Exchange  and  the 
Board  of  Trade. 

THE   MOST  CENTRAL  SHIPPING  POINT   IN  THE  COUNTRY. 


POLITICAL    . 


INFORMATION 


PERTAINING  MAINLY  TO  THE 


ELECTION  DEPARTMENT 


OF  THE 


City  of  Buffalo. 


BUFFALO,  THE  FOURTH  COMMERCIAL  CITY  IN  THE  WORLD. 


198 


COMMON   COUNCIL  MANUAL. 


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THE   MOST  CENTRAL  SHIPPING  POINT   IN  THE  COUNTRY 


BUFFALO  HAS  A  PROVEN   POPULATION  OF  389,138. 


CITY   OF  BUFFALO. 


199 


CONGRESS  AND  ASSEMBLY. 


CONGRESS. 

iSSJ"™"*- 

32d  District 

I  Mahany 

j  Rung 

18,623           3,858 
14,765 

33d  District 

j  Alexander 

J  Richardson .... 

27,573          13,070 
14,503 

ASSEMBLY. 

1st  District  

2d  District 

j  McDonnell 

I  Coughlin 

(Hill  

j  O'Connor 

j  Pee vers 

1  Maloney 

<  Schneider    . . . 
1  Mohring 

5,615 

5,691     i            76 

10,407     !       6,850 

3d  District 

3,557 
4,330 

4th  District 

4,895 

3,716 
3,623 

3.442 
3,389 

6,258 
3,793 

4,618 
3,036 

4,941 
3,772 

505 
93 

53 

5th  District 

/  Streifler 

j  Miller.. 

2,465 
1,582 

6th  District 

7th  District 

}  McConnell.    ... 
£  Steiner 

8th  District  

(Blasdell 

1  Addington 

1,169 

THE  CHEAPEST   POWER  IN  THE  WORLD  IS  AT  BUFFALO 


BUFFALO,  THE  FOURTH  COMMERCIAL  CITY  IN  THE  WORLD. 


200 


COMMON  COUNCIL  MANUAL. 


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THE  CHEAPEST  POWER  IN  THE  WORLD  IS  AT  BUFFALO. 


BUFFALO  HAS  A  PROVEN   POPULATION  OF  389,138. 


CITY  OF  BUFFALO. 


201 


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THE  CHEAPEST   POWER  IN  THE  WORLD  IS  AT  BUFFALO. 


BUFFALO,  THE  FOURTH  COMMERCIAL  CITY  IN  THE  WORLD. 
202  COMMON  COUNCIL  MANUAL. 

OUR    REPRESENTATIVES,    STATE    AND 
NATIONAL. 


The   Districts   They    Represent    and    the   Boundaries 
Thereof. 


CONGRESSIONAL  DISTRICTS 

Rowland  B.  Mahany. 

Thirty-second— 1,  2,  3,  4,  5,  6,  7,  8,  9,  10, 
11,    12,    13  14,    10  and  20  Wards. 

D.  S.  Alexander. 

Thirty-third— 15,  16,  17,  is,  21.  22.  2:1. 
24  and  25  Wards,  and  all  towns  of  Erie 
County. 


SENATORIAL  DISTRICTS. 

Charles  Lamy. 

Forty-seventh— 1,   2.  ::,  >;,  i:,.   m,  20,  21, 

22,  2:5  and  21  Wards. 
Simon  Seibert. 

Forty-eighth— 4,  5,  ;.  8,  !»,  10,  11,  12.  1:;. 

I  1  and   If.  Wards. 

George  A.  Davis. 

Forty-ninth— 17,    is   and    25   Wards,    and 
all  towns  in  Erie  Comity. 


THE   MOST  CENTRAL  SHIPPING  POINT   IN  THE  COUNTRY. 


BUFFALO  HAS  A  PROVEN   POPULATION  OF  389,138. 

CITY   OF  BUFFALO.  203 

ASSEMBLY  DISTRICTS. 

Cornelius  Coughlin. 

First— 1,  2,  3,  6,  19  and  20  Wards. 
Henry  W.  Hilt. 

Second— 15,  21,  22,  23  and  24  Wards. 
Wm.  Maloney. 

Third— 5,  11  and  14  Wards. 
Wm.  Schneider. 

Fourth— 4,  8,  9  and  10  Wards. 
Charles  Braun. 

Fifth— 7,  12,  13  and  16  Wards. 
Nicholas  J.    fliller. 

Sixth— 17,  18  and  25  Wards. 
Henry  L.  Steiner. 

Seventh— The  towns   of   Elma,   Manilla, 
Cheektowaga,  Lancaster,  Alden,  New- 
stead,  Clarence,  Amherst,  Tonawanda 
and  Grand  Island. 
Herman  H.  Blasdell. 

Eighth. — The  towns  of  Collins,  Concord, 
Sardinia,  North  Collins,  Brant,  Eden, 
Evans,  Boston,  Colden,  Holland, 
Wales,  Aurora,  East  Hamburgh,  Ham- 
burgh and  West  Seneca, 

THE  CHEAPEST  POWER  IN  THE  WORLD  IS  AT  BUFFALO. 


BUFFALO,  THE  FOURTH  COMMERCIAL  CITY  IN  THE  WORLD. 


204 


COMMON  COUNCIL  MANUAL. 


ELECTIVE  OFFICERS  OF  BUFFALO. 


Public  Servants  Chosen  Directly  by  the  People, 
Their  Terms  of  Office. 


and 


Aldermen... 
Councilman . 


Mayor 

Comptroller 

Corp.  Counsel 

Treasurer 

Supt.  of  Education 
Com'r  of  Pub.  Wks. 
Judge  Municl  Ct.. 

Overseer  of  Poor. . . 

Police  Justice 

Justice  of  thePeace 


INCUMBENT. 


P 


Si 


Supervisors. 
Constables.. 


All  members... 
James  N.  Adam 

James  Ash 4 

Michael  J.  Byrne  4 
A.  Frank  Gorski  4 
Andrew  J.  Keller  4 
Christian  Klinck.  4 
Henry  C.  Steul . .  4 
Chas.  H.  Utley. . .  4 

Henry  Zipp 4 

Edgar  B.  Jewett.  4 
ErastusC.Knight  4 
Chas.  L  Feldman  1 

Philip  Gerst 4 

Henry  P.  Emerson  4 
Chas.  G.  Pankow  4 
Chas.  W.  Hinson.  6 
Louis  Braunlein..  6 

John  Arnold 4 

Thos.  S.  King  4 
tThomas  Murphy  4 
Thos.H.Rochford  4 
Wallace  C.  Hill..  4 
Andrew  Beasley  6 
Nicholas  J.  Mock  6 
Albert  H.  Beyer  6 
Thos.  F.  Crowley  6 
; Edward  G.  Voltz  6 

All 2 

lAll    2 


2  yrs. 
4    " 


TERM 

EXPIRKS. 

Dec.  31 

1897 

..      .1 

1699* 

"      " 

1897* 

II      it 

1897* 

II      II 

1897* 

"      " 

1897* 

"      ,l 

1897* 

II      II 

1897* 

II      II 

1899* 

It      il 

1899* 

II      II 

1897 

II      it 

1897 

II      II 

1897 

"      " 

1899 

II         M 

1899 

11      it 

1897 

tl      it 

1899 

il      it 

18ft 

ii      ti 

1897 

it      il 

1899 

it      11 

1897 

ii      II 

1899 

II      it 

1897 

tl      tl 

1897 

It      ti 

1899 

.1      it 

1899 

ti      it 

1897 

1S01 

il     I. 

1897 

1897 

Councilmen  elected  in  1897  shall  determine  by  lot, 
two  of  their  number  to  hold  office  for  two  years,  and 
the  others  shall  hold  office  for  four  years. 

♦See  section  6  of  the  Revised  City  Charter. 

tVice  John  G.  Miller,  resigned. 


THE   MOST  CENTRAL  SHIPPING  POINT   IN  THE  COUNTRY. 


BUFFALO   HAS   A   PROVEN   POPULATION   OF  389.138. 
CITY   OF  BUFFALO.  205 

THE  BATTLE  OF  THE  BALLOTS. 

City    and    County    Officers    to    be    Chosen    by    the 
"People,"   in  November,    1897. 


Mayor,  in  place  of  Edgar  B.  Jewett. 

Comptroller,  in  place  of  Erastus  C.  Knight. 

Corporation  Counsel,  in  place  of  Charles  L. 
Feldman. 

Commissioner  of  Public  Works,  in  place  of 
Charles  G.  Pankow. 

Overseer  of  Poor,  in  place  of  John  Arnold. 

Assessor,  in  place  of  Andrew  Beasley. 

Assessor,  in  place  of  Thomas  F.  Crowley. 

Judge  of  Municipal  Court,  in  place  of  Louis 
Braunlein. 

Councilman,  in  place  of  Christian  Klinck. 

Councilman,  in  place  of  James  Ash. 

Councilman,  in  place  of  Michael  J.  Byrne. 

Councilman,  in  place  of  A.  Frank   Gorski. 

Councilman,  in  place  of  Andrew  J.  Keller. 

Councilman,  in  place  of  Henry  C.  Steul. 

One  Alderman  in  each  of  the  25  wards. 

One  Supervisor  in  each  of  the  25  wards. 

One  Constable  in  each  of  the  25  wards. 

Justice  of  the  Peace  in  25th  Ward,  in  place  of 
Wallace  C.  Hill. 

Justice  of  the  Peace,  in  place  of  Thomas 
Murphy. 

THE  CHEAPEST  POWER  IN   THE  WORLD  IS  AT  BUFFALO. 


BUFFALO,  THE  FOURTH  COMMERCIAL  CiTY  IN  THE  WORLD 
206  COMMON  COUNCIL  MANUAL. 

STATE  AND  COUNTY. 

Assemblymen,  one  in  each  district. 

Sheriff,  in  place  of  George  H.  Lamy. 

One  Coroner,  in  place  of  John  R.  Kenney. 

County  Clerk,  in  place  of  George  Bingham. 

County  Treasurer,  in  place  of  George  Baltz. 

District  Attorney,  in  place  of  Daniel  J. 
Kenefick. 

Superintendent  of  Poor,  in  place  of  Adam 
Rehm. 

Keeper  of  Almshouse,  in  place  of  John  G. 
Schlotzer. 

Justice  of  Supreme  Court,  in  place  of  Justice 
Childs. 

Election  Day,  1897,  will  be  Tuesday,  No- 
vember 2d. 

Days  of  Registration  in  1897  will  be    as 

follows :     First     day.     Friday,    October    8th  : 
Second  day,   Saturday,     October    9th;     Third 
day,  Friday,  October  15th;  Fourth  day,  Satur- 
day, <  October  16th. 
Hours:  7  a.  m.  to  JO  p.  m.,  each  day. 


THE   MOST  CENTRAL  SHIPPING  POINT   IN  THE  COUNTRY. 


HEADS   OF 


DEPARTMENTS 


OF  THE 

CITY  GOVERNMENT, 

1897. 


BUFFALO,  THE  FOURTH  COMMERCIAL  CITY  IN  THE  WORLD. 


208  COMMON  COUNCIL  MANUAL. 


1897. 


BUFFALO   CITY   OFFICERS, 


EDGAR  B.  JEWETT,  Mayor 

Resideiice,  210  Summer  Street. 

Term  expires  Jauuary  1,  1H98. 


DEPARTMENT  OF  FINANCE. 


Erastus  C.  Knight,  Comptroller. 

Residence,  112  Bird  Avenue. 
Term  expires  January  1.  1898. 

Philip  Gerst,  Treasurer. 

Residence,  L833  Niagara  street. 

Term  expires  January  1,  1900. 


DEPARTMENT  OF  LAW 


Charles  L.  Feldman,     Corporation  Counsel. 
Residence,  159  Riley  Street. 

Term  expires  Jauuary  1,  18lJ8. 


THE   MOST   CENTRAL  SHIPPING  POINT  JN  THE  COUNTRY. 


BUFFALO  HAS  A  PROVEN   POPULATION  OF  389,138. 


CITY  OF  BUFFALO.  209 


DEPARTMENT  OF  PUBLIC  WORKS. 


Charles  G.  Pankow,  President. 

Elected  Commissioner. 

Residence,  289  William  Street. 

Term  expires  January  1,  1898. 
Marcus  n.   Drake,  Appointed  Com. 

Residence,  346  Bouck  Avenue. 

Term  expires  January  1,  1900. 
Michael  J.    Healy,  Appointed  Com. 

Residence,  215  Bird  Avenne. 

Term  expires  January  1,  1901. 


BUREAU  OF  ENGINEERING. 


Edward  B.  Guthrie,  Chief  Engineer. 

Residence,  158  North  Pearl  Street. 

Term  of  office,  during  pleasure  of  Department  of  Public 
Works. 


BUREAU  OF  WATER. 


Francis  G.  Ward,  Superintendent. 

Residence,  676  Seventh  Street. 

Term  of  office,  during  pleasure  of  Department  of  Public 
Works. 

THE  CHEAPEST  POWER  IN  THE  WORLD  IS  AT  BUFFALO. 


BUFFALO.  THE  FOURTH  COMMERCIAL  CITY  IN  THE  WORLD. 


210  COMMON   COUNCIL  MANUAL. 


BUREAU  OF  STREETS. 


Thomas  F.  Maloney,  Superintendent. 

Residence.  923  Fillmore  Aveime. 

Term  of  office,  during  pleasure  of  Department  of  Public 

Works. 


BUREAU  OF  BUILDING. 

John  Reimann,  Superintendent. 

Residence,  551  East  Utica  Street. 

Term  of  office,  during  pleasure  of  Department  of  Public 

Works. 

DEPARTJ1ENT  OF  HEALTH. 

Ernest  Wende,  M.  D. ,  Health  Commissioner. 

Residence,  471  Delaware  Avenue. 

Term  expires  January  4.  1902. 


DEPARTMENT  OF  PUBLIC  INSTRUCTION. 


Henry  P.   Emerson, 

Superintendent  of  Education. 

Residence,  122  College  Street. 

Term  expires  January  1,  1900. 


THE   MOST   CENTRAL  SHIPPING  POINT   IN  THE  COUNTRY. 


BUFFALO  HAS  A   PROVEN   POPULATION  OF  389,138. 


CITY  OF  BUFFALO.  211 


POLICE  COURT. 


Thomas  S.  King,  Police  Justice. 

Residence,  109  Park  Street. 
Term  expires  January  1,  1900. 


DEPARTMENT  OF  POOR. 


John  Arnold,  Overseer  of  Poor. 

Residence,  1047  Ellicott  Street. 
Term  expires  January  1,  1898. 


DEPARTMENT  OF  ASSESSMENT. 


ASSESSORS. 


Thomas  F.  Crowley,  Chairman. 

Residence  582  Seventh  Street. 

Term  expires  January  1,  1898. 

Andrew  Beasley. 

Residence,  16  Hayward  Street. 
Term  expires  January  1,  1898. 

Nicholas  J.  Hock. 

Residence,  291  Emslie  Street. 

Term  expires  January  1.  1900 

THE  CHEAPEST  POWER  IN  THE  WORLD  IS  AT  BUFFALO. 
8 


BUFFALO,  THE  FOURTH  COMMERCIAL  CITY  IN  THE  WORLD. 
212  COMMON  COUNCIL  MANUAL. 

Albert  H.  Beyer. 

Residence,  532  Ellicott  Street, 

Term  expires  January  1,  1900. 

Edward  Q.  Volz. 

Residence,  476  West  Ferry  Street. 

Term  expires  January  1,  1902. 


CITY  CLERK. 


Hark  S.  Hubbell. 

Residence,  135  North  Pearl  Street. 

Term  expires  first  Monday  in  January,  1898. 


FIRE  COnniSSIONERS. 


Jacob  Davis,  Chairman, 

Residence,  1320  Main  Street. 

Term  expires  June,  1898. 

John  F.  Malone. 

Residence,  169  College  Street. 

Term  expires  June,  1908. 

W.  S.  Grattan. 

Residence,  790  Ellicott  Street. 

Term  expires  June,  1902. 


THE  CHEAPEST  POWER  IN   THE  WORLD  IS  AT  BUFFALO. 


BUFFALO  HAS  A  PROVEN   POPULATION   OF  389,138. 


CITY  OF  BUFFALO.  213 


CLERK  OF  MARKETS. 


Jacob  n.  Roesch. 

Residence,  613  Oak  Street. 

Term  of  office,  during  pleasure  of  the  Mayor. 


DEPARTMENT  OF  POLICE. 


BOARD  OF  POLICE,  CITY  OF  BUFFALO. 


Edgar  B.  Jewett,  Pres.  ex=officio. 

Residence,  210  Summer  Street. 

Term  expires  January  1,  1898. 

Charles  A.  Rupp,  Commissioner. 

Residence,  47  East  Utica   Street. 

Term  expires  March  1,  1900. 

James  E.  Curtiss,        Acting  Commissioner. 

Residence,  408  Richmond  Avenue. 
Term  expires  March  1, 1899. 


HUNICIPAL  COURT  JUDGES 


Charles  W.  Hinson. 

Residence,  172  Eagle  Street. 
Term  expires  January  1,  1900. 

THF   MOST   CFNTRM    SHIPPING  POINT  IN  THE  COUNTRY. 


BUFFALO,  THE  FOURTH  COMMERCIAL  CITY  IN  THE  WORLD. 
214  COMMON   COUNCIL  MANUAL. 

Louis  Braunlein. 

Residence,  52  Orange  Street. 
Term  expires  January  1,  1898. 


JUSTICES  OF  THE  PEACE. 


Thomas  Murphy. 

Residence,  478  Front  Avenue. 

Term  expires  December  31,  1897. 

Thomas  H.  Rochford. 

Residence,  266  Eagle  Street. 

Term  expires  December  31,  1899. 

Wallace  C.  Hill,  for  the  25th  Ward. 

Residence,  2124  Niagara  Street. 

Term  expires  December  31,  1897. 


SEALER  OF  WEIGHTS  AND  MEASURES. 


Office  at  Police  Headquarters. 

Alfred  H.  Neal,  Chief 

Residence,  360  Norma]  Avenne, 

Term  of  Office,  during  pleasure  of  Hoard  of  Police, 

THE   MOST   CENTRAL  SHIPPING  POINT   IN  THE  COUNTRY. 


BUFFALO   HAS   A   PROVEN   POPULATION   OF  389,138. 


CITY   OF  BUFFALO.  215 


HARBOR  MASTER. 


Office,  Ohio  Street,  near  Main  Street. 
Robt.  C.  Soper. 

Residence,  307  Highland  Avenue. 

Term  of  Office,  two  years.    Term  expires  March  1, 
Appointed  by  Mayor. 


OIL  INSPECTOR 


(Civil  Service. ) 
Michael  J.  Noonan. 

Residence,  156  Mackinaw  Street. 


EXAHINER    OF    STATIONARY 
ENGINEERS. 


Office,  Municipal  Building,  Room  No.  22. 
Fred  C.  Riester. 

Residence,  152  Pine  Street. 

Term  of  office,  during  pleasure  of  Mayor. 
THE  CHEAPEST  POWER  IN  THE  WORLD  IS  AT  BUFFALO. 


BUFFALO,  THE  FOURTH  COMMERCIAL  CITY  IN  THE  WORLD. 


216  COMMON  COUNCIL  MANUAL. 


INSPECTOR  OF  STEAM  BOILERS. 


Office,  Municipal  Building,  Room  No.  22. 
George  Reil. 

Residence,  384  Madison  Street. 

Term  of  office,  three  years;  expires  April  12,  1898. 
Appoiuted  by  the  Mayor. 


MEMBERS    OF    THE     EXAMINING    AND 

SUPERVISING     BOARD    OF    PLUMB= 

ERS  AND  PLUMBING. 


(Appointed  by  the  Mayor.) 

Office,  Municpal  Building,  Room  No.  1. 
Samuel  H.  Wright. 

Term  «>t'  office  expires  December  31,  1899. 

Jacob  L.  Mensch. 

Term  of  office  expires  December  81,  1897. 

Charles  B.  Huck 

Term  of  office  expires  December  81,  1898. 


IHE    MOST   CENTRAL  SHIPPING  POINT   IN  THE  COUNTRY 


BUFFALO  HAS   A   PROVEN   POPULATION  OF  389,138- 
CITY  OF  BUFFALO.  217 

OFFICERS  AND  EilPLOYES 

OF  THK 

CITY  OF  BUFFALO. 

1897. 

MAYOR'S  DEPARTT1ENT. 

Mayor.  salary. 

Edgar  B.  Jewett $5,000 

Secretary  to  Hay  or. 

Charles  A.  White 2,000 

License  Clerk. 

JohnG.  Wilcox 1,200 

Stenographer. 

Jas.  W.  Murphy 720 

Detective  and  Messenger. 

George  B.  Krug 900 

THE  CHEAPEST  POWER  IN  THE  WORLD  IS  AT  BUFFALO. 


BUFFALO,  THE  FOURTH  COMMERCIAL  CITY  IN  THE  WORLD. 


L'18  COMMON  COUNCIL  MANUAL. 


COMPTROLLER'S  DEPARTMENT. 


Comptroller. 

Erastus  C.  Knight $4,000 

Deputy. 

Willis  P.  Fiske 2,000 

Chief  Bookkeeper. 

Frank  T.  Monlton 1,600 

Assistant  Bookkeepers. 

Edward  H.  Jones 900 

Isaac  R.  Noble 900 

George  B.  Curren 900 

Statement  and  Warrant  Clerks. 

Edward  D.  Peters 1, 100 

Charles  P.  Lytle,  Assistant 1,000 

Albert  G.  Fellner,  2d  Assistant. . . .       900 

Recording  Clerk. 

Frank  F.  Elliott 900 

Market  Accounts  Clerk. 

William  W.  Wallheiser 900 

THE   MOST  CENTRAL  SHIPPING  POINT  IN  THE  COUNTRY. 


BUFFALO  HAS  A  PROVEN   POPULATION  OF  389,138. 
CITY  OF  BUFFALO.  219 

Countersigning  Clerk. 

Frank  F.  Walsh $800 

Tax  Sale  Clerks. 

Peter  W.  Taylor 1,500 

F.  J.  Lesswing 1,000 

Clerks  of  Arrears 

Henry  H.  Matteson 1,000 

Bond  and  Insurance  Clerk. 

JohnF.  Diehl 900 

Clerks. 

Thomas  Cassidy 900 

H.  C.  Fiske 800 

Stenographer. 

Thomas  E.  KeUy 720 


AUDITOR'S  DEPARTMENT. 


Auditor   (appointed   by     the     Comptroller). 
Anselm  J.  Smith $2,000 

Clerk. 

David  A.  Seymour 1, 100 

THE  CHEAPEST  POWER  IN  THE  WORLD  IS  AT  BUFFALO. 


BUFFALO.  THE  FOURTH  COMMERCIAL  CITY  IN  THE  WORLD. 


220  COMMON   COUNCIL  MANUAL. 


TREASURER'S  DEPARTflENT. 


City  Treasurer. 

Philip  Gerst $5,000 

Deputy. 

Charles  H.  Schwenk 2,000 

Cashier. 

E.  W.  Seymour 1,500 

Paying  Teller. 

Alfonso  G.  Feth 1,500 

Henry  J.  Baker 1,500 

Bookkeeper. 

Eugene    B.  Penney 1,200 

Assistant  Bookkeeper. 

William  F.  Pfeiffer 1,000 

Warrant  Clerk. 

Jacob  ( terst,  ,Tr 1,000 

THE   MOST  CENTRAL  SHIPPING  POINT  IN  THE  COUNTRY. 


Buffalo  has  a  proven  population  of  389,138. 

CITY   OF  BUFFALO.  221 

Clerks. 

George  Giess $900 

Frank  Maischoss 900 

E.  J.  Prouty 900 

J.  J.  Donovan 900 

William  Roth 900 

DEPARTMENT  OF  LAW. 

Corporation  Counsel. 

Charles  L.  Feldman $5,000 

City  Attorney. 

James  L.  Quaekenbush 3,000 

Assistant  City  Attorney 

Edward  R.  O'Malley 2,500 

Deputy  Attorney. 

Geo.  P.  Keating 2,000 

Managing  Clerk. 

Chas.  F.  Kingsley 1,400 

Clerk. 

Albert  H.  Jackson 1,200 

THE  HOST  CENTRAL  SHIPPING  POINT  IN  THE  COUNTRY. 


BUFFALO,  THE  FOURTH  COMMERCIAL  CITY  IN  THE  WORLD. 
222  COMMON   COUNCIL  MANUAL. 

Stenographers 

Miss  Edith  Sisson $900 

Herbert  C.  Willet 900 

Detective. 

Jacob  Springweiler 900 


DEPARTMENT  OF  PUBLIC  WORKS. 


Commissioners. 

Charles  G.  Pankow,  Chairman $5,000 

Marcus  M.  Drake 5,000 

Michael  J.  Healy 5,000 

Secretary. 

R.  G.  Parsons $2,000 

Assistant  Secretary. 

A.  A.  Thompson 1,500 

Cashier. 

J.  C.  W.  Daly 1,500 

Stenographer. 

Isabel  K.  O'Connor 900 

THE   MOST  CENTRAL  SHIPPING  POINT   IN  THE  COUNTRY. 


BUFFALO  HAS  A  PROVEN   POPULATION  OF  389,138. 


CITY  OF  BUFFALO.  223 


BUREAU  OF  ENGINEERING. 


Chief  Engineer. 

Edward  B.  Guthrie $3,000.00 

Assistant  Chief  Engineer. 

Harry  T.  Buttolph,    per  month. .  .  208.33 

Assistants. 

Charles  E.  P.  Babcock,  per  month  133.33 

Charles  F.  Fell,  per  month 133.33 

Alexander  W.  Hoffman,  per  month  133. 33 

George  H.  Norton,  per  month 133. 33 

F.  V.  E.  Bardol,  per  month 133. 33 

H.  J.  March,  per  month 133.33 

Charles  H.  Tntton,  per  month....   133.33 

Levelers. 

George  T.  Roberts,  per  month 100.00 

L.  H.  Rathman,  per  month 100.00 

L.  W.  Eighmy,  per  month 100.00 

Louis  Leitze,  per  month .  100.00 

Joseph  Ditto,  per  month 100.00 

J.  A.  Vandewater,  per  month  ....  100.00 

Jerry  Donavan,  per  month 100.00 

THE  CHEAPEST   POWER  IN  THE  WORLD  IS  AT  BUFFALO. 


BUFFALO,  THE  FOURTH  COMMERCIAL  CITY  IN  THE  WORLD. 
224  COMMON   COUNCIL  MANUAL. 

Superintendent  of  Street  Work. 

Daniel  Collins,  Sup'tSt.  Rep 'rs..  $1,500. 00 

Clerks. 

John  A.  Bodamer(  chief),  per  month  125.00 

Wm.  Messing,  per  month 83. 33 

Charles  A.  Perry,  per  month 83. 33 

Sidewalk  Clerk. 

William  O.  Peck,  per  month 100.00 

Stenographer. 

J.  M.  Alexandre 900. 00 

Draughtsman 

F.  J.  Tresise,  per  month s<  >.  I K I 

Rod  and  Axe  Hen. 

Sixteen,  each  per  month 75.00 

General  Inspector. 

O.  F.  Whitford,  per  month  100.00 

Inspectors  of  House  Connections. 

Jacob  Hager,  per  (linn 3.00 

J.  J.  Purcell,  per  diem 3.00 

THE   MOST  CENTRAL  SHIPPING  POINT   IN  THE  COUNTRY. 


BUFFALO  HAS  A  PROVEN   POPULATION  OF  389,138. 

CITY  OF   BUFFALO.  225 

Inspector  of  General  Repairs. 

William  Meyers,  per  diem $3. 00 

Keeper  of  Inlets. 

Edward  Rowland,  per  mouth 50. 00 

Inspector  of  Dredging. 

Wm.  Cochrane,  per  diem 3. 00 


BUREAU  OF  WATER. 


Office,  Municipal  Building. 

Superintendent. 

Francis  G.  Ward $3,000 

Louis  H.    Knapp,  Assistant    Supt. 

and  Engineer 2, 500 

A.  G.  Frankenstein,  Registrar  ....  1,500 

A.  W.  Guild,  Cashier 1,200 

Jas.  G.  Harrington,  Asst.  Cashier.   1,000 
W.  Bruner,  Bookkeeper 1,000 

THE  CHEAPEST   POWER  IN  THE  WORLD  IS  AT  BUFFALO. 


BUFFALO,  THE  FOURTH  COMMERCIAL  CITY  IN  THE  WORLD. 
226  COMMON  COUNCIL  MANTJAX. 

Clerks. 

Stanley  E.  Curtin $900 

Frank  S.  Smith 900 

J.  W.  Messing  900 

Thos.  W.  Bishop 900 

Max  Geiger 900 

W.  D.  Fitzpatriek  900 

A.  E.  Oehler 900 

16  Inspectors,  per  month .  .  66 

Storehouse. 

C.  E.  Richardson,  Foreman  of   Re- 
pairs    1 , 500 

M.     M.     Hollenbeck,    Foreman     of 

Extensions 1,000 

G.  H.  Chambers,  Storekeeper 900 

George    Schneider,    Plumber,      per 

month   80 

John  Collins,  Plumber's  helper,  per 

month   45 

Herman    W.     Lindeke,     Carpenter, 

per  month  65 

Wm.  Gorski,  Carpenter's  helper, 

per  month 45 

Henry  Layer,  Foreman  of  Stables, 

per  month 65 

Bernard  Zittrell,  Stableman 45 

M.  Lynett,  Teamster,  per  month  .  .  50 

THE   MOST  CENTRAL  SHIPPING  POINT   IN  THE  COUNTRY. 


BUFFALO   HAS  A   PROVEN   POPULATION   OF  389,138. 
CITY  OF  BUFFALO.  227 

Storehouse—  Continued. 

John  Fisher,  Watchman,  per  month  $50 

H.  Zurbrick,  Blacksmith,  per  month  G5 

John  Meissner,  Blacksmith's  helper  40 

J.  Fisher,  Teamster,  per  day 2 

George  Wasmuth,  Tapper,  per  month  70 

E.  Silvey,  Tapper,  per  month 70 

George  Haeffner,  Ass't  Tapper 45 

Wm.  Connolly,  Ass't  Tapper 45 

Foreman  of  Leaks,  per  month 75 

Foreman  of  Valves,  per  month  ....  65 

Foreman  of  Hydrants,  per  month . .  65 

23  Repairers,  per  month 55 

One   Laborer   at     Storehouse,     per 

month 50 

Pumping  Station. 

Patrick  Brennan,  Chief  Engineer|2,000.00 

One  Clerk  to  Engineer 720. 00 

Nine  Engineers,  each 1,050.00 

Six  Firemen,  per  day 2. 25 

24  Firemen,  per  day 2.00 

One  Oiler,  per  day 2. 00 

Five  Oilers,  etc.,  per  day 1.50 

10  Wipers,  per  month 40. 00 

Four  Boiler-cleaners,  per   month        40.00 

Two  Machinists,  per  day 2. 50 

Two     Machinists'    helpers,    per 

month 40.00 

THE  CHEAPEST   POWER  IN  THE  WORLD  IS  AT  BUFFALO. 


BUFFALO,  THE  FOURTH  COMMERCIAL  CITY  IN  THE  WORLD. 
228  COMMON  COUNCIL  MANUAL. 

Pumping  Station.— Continued. 

One  Carpenter,  per  month $65.00 

One  Carpenter's  helper, per  month        45.00 
Three    Reservoir     Keepers,    per 

month 45.00 

Two   Keepers,    Inlet     Pier,   per 

month 50.00 


BUREAU  OF  STREETS 


Superintendent. 

Thomas  F.  Maloney $3,000. 00 

First  Assistant  and  Acting  Supt. 

L.  J.  Baitz,  per  month 125.00 

Second  Assistant  Superintendent. 

Samuel  Wolffsohn,per  month 85.00 

Clerks. 

R.  H.  Parsons,  Chief,  per  month  100.00 

Joseph  D.  Hanrahan,  per  month  75.00 

Daniel  E.  Mahoney 75. 00 

John  Riley 75.00 

Henry  H.  Edson JHX).  00 

Stenographer. 

Josephine  A.  Hanavan, per  month  75.00 

THE   MOST  CENTRAL  SHIPPING  POINT   IN  THE  COUNTRY. 


BUFFALO   HAS   A   PROVEN   POPULATION  OF  £g§,13g. 


CITY  OF  BUFFALO. 


BUREAU  OF  BUILDING. 


229 


General  Inspector. 

Wm.  Henderson,  per  month  . . 


$83.33 


Inspectors  of  Lamps. 

E.  H.  Sigison,  per  month 

83.33 

Street  and  Health  Inspectors. 

John  Barry,  per  month 

65.00 

R.  J.  Bnrchfield,  per  month  . . . 

65.00 

Henry  A.  Miller,  per  month  . . . 

65.00 

John  N.  Snyder,  per  month  . . . 

65.00 

Timothy  Clifford,  per  month . . . 

65.00 

Benj.  F.  Van  Ame,  per  month. 

65.00 

Thomas  Burton,  per  month 

65.00 

John  F.  Dreger,  per  month 

65.00 

George  W.  Ebbs,  per  month  . . . 

65.00 

John  Devine,  per  month 

65.00 

M.  F.  Hutchinson,  per  month  . 

65.00 

John  Shalloe,  per  month 

65.00 

Ruf  us  T.  Byrne,  per  month 

65.00 

Superintendent. 

John  Reimann $3,000. 00 


THE  CHEAPEST   POWER  IN  THE  WORLD  IS  AT  BUFFALO. 


BUFFALO,  THE  FOURTH  COMMERCIAL  CITY  IN  THE  WORLD. 
230  COMMON   COUNCIL  MANUAL. 

Assistant  Superintendent. 

John  Kirchgasser $1,500.00 

Chief  Clerk. 

Thad.  W.  Gardiner 1, 200. 00 

Permit  Clerk. 

Ellsworth  N.  Croll 900.00 

Registrar. 

Henry  W.  Nachbar 1,200.00 

Inspectors. 

Howard  L.  Beck 1,000.00 

Albert  C.  Wnnseh 1,000.00 

F.  C.  Bergholz 1,000.00 

Thomas  F.  Carmody 1 ,000.00 

John  J.  Kavany 1,000.00 

\Ym.  F.  Meyer  (coal),  per  diem         3.00 

Structural  Engineer. 

Win.  G.  Houck 1,500.00 


MUNICIPAL  BUILDING. 


Janitors. 

John  F.  Townsend,  per  month.     ..$83.33 

Engineer  (one),  per  month r5.00 

Fireman  (one,)  per  month 58.88 


THE   MOST   CENTRAL  SHIPPING  POINT  IN  THE  COUNTRY. 


BUFFALO  HAS  A  PROVEN   POPULATION  OF  389,138- 
CITY   OF  BUFFALO.  231 

Janitors. — Continued. 

Porters  (two)  each,  per  month $50.00 

Night  watchman  (one),  per  month.  62.50 
Elevator  Conductor  ( one ) ,  per  month  35. 42 
Scrub  Women  (eight),  each,  per  day     1.00 


BOARD  OF  HEALTH. 


The  Mayor,  Edgar  B.  Jewett  (ex-officio). 

Charles  G.  Pankow,  President  Depart- 
ment of  Public  Works. 

Ernest  Wende,  M.  D. ,  Health  Commis- 
sioner, Chairman. 

August  Schneider,  Secretary. 


DEPARTMENT  OF  HEALTH. 


Health  Commissioner. 

Ernest  Wende,  M.  D -$4, 000 

Assistant  Health  Officer. 

Walter  D.  Greene,  M.  D 2,000 

THE  CHEAPEST   POWER  IN  THE  WORLD  iS  AT  BUFFALO. 


BUFFALO,  the  fourth  commercial  city  in  the  world. 

232  COMMON  COUNCIL  MANUAL. 

Clerk  Department  of  Health. 

August  Schneider $1,500 

Registrar  Vital  Statistics. 

Franklin  C.  Gram,  M.  D 1,200 

Clerks. 

Charles  Diebold,  Jr 000 

Leon  S.  Barnard 000 

Stenographer  and  Clerk. 

Stephen  W.  Bateson 900 

City  Chemist. 

Herbert  M.  Hill,  M.  D 1,000 

Inspector  Food  and  Supplies  and  Drugs. 

W.  H.  Heath,  M.  D 1 ,000 

Bacteriologist. 

William  G.  Bisscll,  M.  D 1,500 

Assistant  Bacteriologist. 

Thomas  B.  Carpenter 1,200 

Tenement  and  Lodging  House  Inspector. 

D.  J.  Constantine,  M.  D 1,000 

THE  CHEAPEST  POWER  IN  THE  WORLD  IS  AT  BUFFALO. 


BUFFALO  HAS  A  PROVEN   POPULATION  OF  889,138. 
CITY  OF  BUFFALO.  233 

Sanitary  Inspectors. 

James,D.  Wood $1,000 

J.  W.  Van  Peyma 1,000 

Joseph  H.  Carley 1.000 

Frederick  B.  Willard,  M.    D 1,000 

Frank  B.  Smering 1,000 

Inspector  of  Plumbing  and  Drainage. 

Dean  Wilson 1,400 

Assistant  Inspectors  Plumbing  and  Drainage. 

John  J.  Boyne 1,200 

William  H.  White 1,200 

John  McGorey 1,200 

Charles  S.  Webster 1,200 

Peter  J.  Lynch 1,200 

Cattle  Inspector. 

John  Rast 1,500 

Assistant  Cattle  Inspector. 

Henry  A.  Munzert    1,000 

City  Scavenger. 

Philip  Bnettner 900 

THE  CHEAPEST  POWER  IN  THE  WORLD  IS  AT  BUFFALO. 


BUFFALO,  THE  FOURTH  COMMERCIAL  CITY  IN  THE  WORLD. 


234  COMMON  COUNCIL  MANUAL. 


Keeper  Quarantine  Hospital 

A.  T.  O'Hara,  M.  D $1,200.00 

Fumigating  and  Placarding. 

Charles  Kittling,  per  day 2. 50 

City  Physicians. 

George  F.  Cott,  M.D.  .1st  District  500.00 

D.  W.  C.  Greene,  M.D. 2d  "  400.00 
A.  W.  Baylies, M.  D...3d  "  400.00 
G.  W.  Lewis,  Jr. ,  M.  D .  4th        ' '  450. 00 

H.  G.  Beritz,  M.D 5th        "  400.00 

William  Hoddick,  M.  D.  Gtli        ' '  400. 00 

E.  C.  Waldurff,  M.  D . .  7th        ' '  400. 00 
J.  A.  Hoffmeyer,  M.  D. .  8th        ' '  250. 00 
E.    A.    Fisher,  M.  D. ,    Homoeo- 
pathic, East  Side  Main  Street  200.00 

Geo.  R.    Stearns,  M.D. ,  Homoeo- 
pathic, West  Side  Main  Street  200.00 


DEPARTflENT  OF  PUBLIC  INSTRUCTION. 


School  Examiners.  (Ofli»v  in  Austin 
Building,  corner  of  Eagle  and 
Franklin  Streets.  Appointed 
by  the  Mayor. ) 

Henry  Altaian $500 

Term  expires  February  3,  1901. 

Conrad  Diehl $500 

Term  expires  February  3,  1902. 


THE   MOST  CENTRAL  SHIPPING  POINT   IN  THE  COUNTRY. 


BUFFALO  HAS  A  PROVEN   POPULATION  OF  389,138. 
CITY  OF  BUFFALO.  235 

School  Examiners — Continued. 

Lilly  Lord  Tiff  t $500 

Term  expires  February  3,  1900. 

Timothy  J.  Mahoney 500 

Term  expires  February  3,  1899. 

Seward  A.  Simous 500 

Term  expires  February  3,  1898. 

Chas.  C.  Morey,  Secretary 1,200 

Superintendent  of  Education. 

Henry  P.  Emerson 5,000 

Secretary  and  Superintendent  of  German. 

Matthew  J.  Chemnitz 2, 500 

Clerks. 

William  J.  Strong 1,400 

William  J.  Bnrke 1,200 

William  M.  Mumm,  Stenographer  900 

Attendance  Officers. 

Central  District— Chas.  F.  Reif..  850 

S.  E.  District— Lonis  Trost 850 

S.  W.  District— Ralph  Courter...  850 

N.  E.  District— Robert  F.  Wegener  850 

N.  W.  District— Alfred  Brener...  850 

Teachers. 

One 2,500 

Three,  each  2,000 

One   1,800 

Twenty-eight,  each 1,600 

THE  CHEAPEST  POWER  IN  THE  WORLD  IS  AT  BUFFALO. 


BUFFALO,  THE  FOURTH  COMMERCIAL  CITY  IN  THE  WORLD. 
236  COMMON  COUNCIL  MANUAL. 

Teachers — Continued. 

Two,  each  $1,550 

Fifteen,  each 1,500 

Seven,  each 1,400 

Four,  each 1,300 

One   1,250 

Four,    each 1,200 

One 1,100 

Five,  each 1,000 

One 950 

Three,    each 900 

Nine,  each 850 

Six,  each 800 

Eleven,    each 750 

Sixty-two,  each 700 

Five,  each 650 

Six  hundred  and  forty-three,  each .  600 
Two   hundred  and  seventy-eight, 

each $400  to  600 

Janitors. 

One $1,700 

One 1,500 

Two,  each 1,300 

One 1,250 

Two,  each 1,200 

One 1,100 

One 1,075 

Two,  "each 1,050 

THE  MOST  CENTRAL  SHIPPING  POINT  IN  THE  COUNTRY. 


BUFFALO   HAS   A   PROVEN   POPULATION   OF  389,138. 

CITY   OF  BUFFALO.  237 

Janitors— Con  tinned. 

Three,  each $1,000 

Five,  each 950 

Three,  each 900 

Two,  each 850 

Six,  each 800 

Two,  each 750 

Three,  each 700 

Two,  each 650 

Two,  each 600 

One 550 

Five,  each 500 

Three,  each 400 

Three,  each 350 

Three,  each 300 

Three,  each 250 

One 225 

One 220 

Thirteen,  each 200 

One 192 

One 175 

One 170 

Seven,  each 150 

One 125 

One 120 

One 108 

Seven,  each 100 

Two,  each 50 

THE  CHEAPEST   POWER  IN   THE  WORLD  IS  AT  BUFFALO. 


BUFFALO,  THE  FOURTH  COMMERCIAL  CITY  IN  THE  WORLD 
238  COMMON   COUNCIL   MANUAL. 

DEPARTMENT   OF    POOR. 

Overseer. 

John  Arnold $3,500 

Deputy. 

L.  J.  Kenngott 1,500 

Clerks. 

John  Dietzer 900 

Charles  McBean 900 

John  J.  Aeschbach 900 

Charles  J.  Baker 900 

Janitress. 

Clara  Gardner 200 


DEPARTMENT  OF  ASSESSMENT. 


Assessors. 


Thomas  P.  Crowley  (Chairman)  |3,500 

Albert  ELB  >yer  I  Seer  fcary  i  3,500 

Andrew  B<  asley                .  8,500 

Nicholas  .1.  Mock  8,500 

Edward  G.  Volz .   8,500 


THE    MOST   CENTRAL  SHIPPING  POINT   IN  THE  COUNTRY. 


BUFFALO  HAS  A  PROVEN   POPULATION  OF  389,138. 
CITY   OF  BUFFALO.  ■       239 

Clerks. 

Joseph  Mayer  (Chief) $1,500 

Charles  H.  Scheu 1,000 

Geo.  A.  Halbin  (Draughtsman)  ..  .  960 

Matthew  Ludwig 900 

Philip  J.  Stalter 900 

Clark  N.  Leonard 900 

Daniel  F.  Manley 900 

Charles  Gaetz,  Jr 900 

Daniel  P.  Murphy 900 

Henry  G.  Sauter 900 

John  Volz 900 

J.  H.  Short 900 


CITY  CLERK'S  DEPARTMENT. 


City  Clerk. 

Mark  S.  Hubbell $2,500 

Deputy. 

Charles   F.   Susdorf 2,000 

Chief  Clerk. 

Alexander  Kirsch 1,500 

Warrant  Clerk. 

C.  J.  Fitzpatriek 1,200 

THE  CHEAPEST  POWER  IN  THE  WORLD  IS  AT  BUFFALO. 


BUFFALO,  THE  FOURTH  COMMERCIAL  CITY  IN  THE  WORLD. 
240  COMMON  COUNCIL  MANUAL. 

Assistant  Warrant  Clerk. 

John  Johnston $1,000 

General  Clerk. 

Charles  F.   Stillman 1,000 

Index  Clerk. 

Charles  O.  Backman 900 

Clerk. 

Frank  H.  La  Montague 900 


DEPARTMENT   OF   FIRE. 

Commissioners. 

Jacob  Davis,  Chairman,  per  session  |5.00 

Wm.  N.  Smith,  per  session 5.00 

Wm.  S.  Grattan,  per  session 5.00 

John  Weiss,  Secretary 1,500 

E.  C.  O'Brien,  Surgeon 1,500 

Chief  of  Department. 

Bernard  J.   McConnell 8,000 

Assistant  Chief  of  Department. 

Edward  P.  Murphy 3,300 

Battalion   Chiefs. 

Five,  each 1,600 

THE   MOST  CENTRAL  SHIPPING  POINT   IN  THE  COUNTRY. 


BUFFALO   HAS  A  PROVEN   POPULATION  OF  389,138. 

CITY  OF  BUFFALO.  241 

Headquarters  Staff. 

One  Master  Mechanic  f  1,500 

One  Chief  Operator 1,800 

Three  Operators,  each 1,100 

One  Line  Repairer 1, 100 

Two  Linemen,  each 900 

One  Superintendent  of  Horses 1,400 

Captains. 

Thirty-eight,  each 1,100 

Lieutenants. 

Forty,  each 950 

Engineers. 

Thirty-one,  each 1,000 

Firemen,  First  Grade. 

Two  hundred  and  twenty-five,  each  900 
Firemen,  Second  Grade. 

Thirty-eight,  each 800 

Pilots,  Fire  Boat,  four,  each 1,100 

Substitutes. 

Thirty-nine,  each 600 

THE  CHEAPEST  POWER  IN  THE  WORLD  IS  AT  BUFFALO. 


BUFFALO.  THE  FOURTH  COMMERCIAL  CITY  IN  THE  WORLD. 


242  COMMON   COUNCIL  MANUAL. 


DEPARTMENT  OF  POLICE. 


BOARD  OF  POLICE. 

Commissioners. 

Edgar  B.  Jewett  (Ex-officio) $500 

James  E.  Curtiss,  Acting  Com'r. .  .  2,500 
Charles  A.  Rupp 2,500 

Superintendent 

W.  S.    Bull 3,500 

Assistant  Superintendent. 

Patrick  V.  Cusack 2,500 

Clerk  Board  of  Police. 

Charles  O.    Hertel 1,200 

Stenographer. 

Charles  E.  Knowles 1,000 

Surgeon. 

Joseph  Fowler 1,500 

Superintendent  of  Electrical  Department. 

Thomas  J.  Welch 1,500 

Clerk  to  Superintendent  of  Police. 

Frank  Y.  Parsons       1,200 

THE   MOST   CENTRAL  SHIPPING  POINT   IN  THE  COUNTRY. 


BUFFALO  HAS  A   PROVEN   POPULATION  OF  389,138. 
CITY  OF  BUFFALO.  243 

Chief  Clerk  and  Operator. 

Thomas  O'Brian $1,400 

Assistant  Clerk  and  Operator. 

George  A.  Schmidt 1,000 

Detectives. 

Fifteen,  each 1,200 

Captains. 

Thirteen,  each 1,400 

Precinct  Specials. 

Twenty-six,  each 1,000 

Sergeants. 

Thirty-nine,  each 950 

Doormen. 

Thirty-nine,  each 900 

Operators  Patrol  Signal  System. 

Eight,  each 900 

Patrolmen. 

Three    hundred    and     thirty-nine, 

each  900 

Ninety,  each 800 

Thirty-seven,  each 720 

One  Conductor  of  Prison  Van 950 

One  Conductor  of  Prison  Van 900 

THE  CHEAPEST  POWER  IN  THE  WORLD  IS  AT  BUFFALO. 
9 


BUFFALO,  THE  FOURTH  COMMERCIAL  CITY  IN  THE  WORLD. 
244  COMMON  COUNCIL  MANUAL. 

Hostlers. 

Six,  each $720 

Janitress. 

Oue 1,800 

Janitresses. 

Two,  each 860 

Three,  each 400 

One 450 

Six,  each 500 

Drivers  of  Patrol  Wagons. 

Twenty -four,  each 900 

SEALERS  OF  WEIGHTS  AND  MEASURES. 

Chief. 

Alfred  H.  Neal $2,000 

Assistants. 

Charles  Henafelt 1,000 

Adolf  Karl 1,000 

Engineers. 

Two,  each 900 

Matrons. 

Three,  each 600 

THE  CHEAPEST   POWER  IN  THE  WORLD  IS  AT  BUFFALO. 


BUFFALO   HAS   A   PROVEN   POPULATION   OF  389,138. 
CITY   OF  BUFFALO.  245 

Watchman. 

One $540 

Interpreter  Police  Court. 

One 900 

Linemen. 

Three,  each 720 

Batteryman. 

One 540 

Laborer. 

One 540 

JUDICIARY    DEPARTMENT. 

MUNICIPAL  COURT  JUDGES. 

Charles  W.  Hinson $4,000 

Louis  Braunlein 4,000 

Clerk. 

Harry  O.  Green 1,300 

Deputy. 

Charles  H.  Gosrow 1, 100 

THE   MOST  CENTRAL  SHIPPING  POINT  IN  THE  COUNTRY. 


BUFFALO,  THE  FOURTH  COMMERCIAL  CITY  IN  THE  WORLD. 
246  COMMON  COUNCIL  MANUAL. 

Special  Deputies. 

Thomas  W.  Nisell $900 

Warren  F.  Hedstrom 900 

Richard  F.  Conghlin 900 

Stenographers. 

Frederick  Denny 1,200 

Edwin  E.  Webb 1,200 

POLICE  COURT. 

Justice. 

Thomas  S.  King $5,000 

Clerk. 

Charles  B.  Sherwood 1,200 

Deposition  Clerk. 

Alfred  C.  Scheu 1,000 

Janitress. 

Emma  Johnson 300 

Justices  to  the  Police. 

Thomas  Murphy 1 ,  800 

Thomas  H.  Rochford 1,600 

Wallace  C.  Hill 1,200 

THE  MOST  CENTRAL  SHIPPING  POINT  IN  THE  COUNTRY* 


BUFFALO  HAS  A  PROVEN   POPULATION   OF  389,138. 


CITY  OF  BUFFALO.  247 


TELEPHONE  NUflBERS  CITY  OFFICES. 


Assessors — Seneca  1181. 

Auditor — Seneca  532. 

Board  of  Health — Seneca  80. 

Bureau  of  Building — Seneca  246. 

Bureau  of  Engineering — Seneca  510. 

Bureau  of  Streets — Seneca  620. 

Bureau  of  Water — Seneca  176-A. 

City  Chemist— Tupper  330. 

City  Clerk— Seneca  532. 

Comptroller — Seneca  740. 

Corporation  Counsel — Seneca  650. 

Department  of    Public  Works— Seneca    1384. 

Examiner  of  Engineers — Seneca  58. 

Excise  Department — Seneca  961. 

Fire  Department — Seneca  640. 

Grade  Crossing  Commission — Seneca  1165. 

Inspector  of  Steam  Boilers — Seneca  58. 

Mayor — Seneca  548. 

Municipal  Court — Seneca  429. 

Overseer  of  the  Poor — Seneca  906. 

Park  Commissioners — Seneca  1419. 

Police  Department — Seneca  514. 

Superintendent  of  Education — Seneca  180. 

Treasurer — Seneca  1430. 


THE  CHEAPEST  POWEK  IN  THE  WORLD  IS  AT  BUFFALO. 


BUFFALO,  THE  FOURTH  COMMERCIAL  CITY  IN  THE  WORLD. 


248  COMMON  COUNCIL  MANUAL. 


COMMON  COUNCIL. 


OFFICERS: 

President  Board  of  Aldermen. 

Jacob  Kissinger $1,000 

President  Board  of  Councilmen. 

Christian   Klinck   1,000 

President  Common  Council. 

Ohas.  P.  Woltz  1,000 

City  Clerk. 

Mark  S.   Hubbell 3,500 

Deputy  City  Clerk 

Charles  F.  Susdorf 2,000 


BOARD    OF    ALDERHEN    AND    COMMON 
COUNCIL. 


Sergeant=at-Arms. 

Jobu  Fraas.  per  session $3.00 

THE   MOST   CENTRAL  SHIPPING  POINT  IN  THE  COUNTRY. 


8UFFAL0   HAS   A   PROVEN    POPULATION   OF  389,138- 
CITY   OF  BUFFALO.  249 

Hessenger. 

Orvis  Laurence,  per  session $1.75 

BOARD  OF  COUNCILnEN. 

Sergeant=at=Arms. 

Nicholas  Dwyer,  per  session 3.00 

Messenger. 

John  Fraas,  per  session 1.75 

ALDERriEN. 

Twenty-five,  each 1,000 

COUNCILHEN. 

Nine,  each 1,000 


Terms  of  office  of  following  officers  during   pleasure 
of  nayor. 

Clerk  of  the  Markets. 

Jacob  M.  Roesch $1,800 

THE   CHEAPEST   PQWER  IN  THE  WORLD  IS  AT  BUFFALO 


BUFFALO,  THE  FOURTH  COMMERCIAL  CITY  IN  THE  WORLD. 
250  COMMON   COUNCIL  MANUAL. 

Assistant  Clerks  of  the  Markets. 

John  Mock,  Elk   Street |900 

Edward  J.  Tourney,  Elk  Street.  ...  800 

Philip  Klippel,  Washington 900 

Charles  B.  Umpleby,  Washington.  .  800 

Julius  Smith,  Clinton  Street 800 

Anthony  Stabeuau,  Broadway 900 

Examiner  of  Stationary  Engineers. 

Fred   C.  Riester 1,500 

Inspector  of  Steam  Boilers. 

George  Reil 1,500 

(Term,  three  years.) 

Assistant. 

Henry  Kumpf 1,000 

Inspector  of  Oils. 

(Civil  Service.) 

Michael  J.  Noonau Fees 

Harbor  Haster. 

Robert  C.  Soper 1,500 

(Term,  two  years.) 

THE   MOST  CENTRAL  SHIPPING  POINT  IN  THE  COUNTRY. 


BUFFALO   HAS  A  PROVEN   POPULATION  OF  389,138. 
CITY  OF  BUFFALO.  251 

Assistant. 

John  F.  Eagan Honor 

Bridge  Tenders. 

(Civil  Service.) 

Twelve,  each $600 

Poundkeeper. 

(Civil  Service.) 
H.  M.  Wright 400 

Keepers  of  Bathing  Houses. 

(Civil  Service.) 

M.  J.  Sullivan 300 

John  Foley 300 

Keeper  Public  Bath  House. 

Cornelins  O'Brien. 

natron. 

Mrs.  Mary  O'Brien. 

Keeper  of  Howard  Cemetery. 

Patrick  Burke. 

Official  Printer— 1897. 

The  Wenborne-  Sumner  Co. 

Official  Paper. 

The  Buffalo  Courier. 

THE  CHEAPEST  POWER  IN  THE  WORLD  IS  AT  BUFFALO. 


BUFFALO,  THE  FOURTH  COMMERCIAL  CITY  IN  THE  WORLD. 


252  COMMON   COUNCIL  MANUAL. 


DEPARTMENT  OF  PARKS 


Commissioners. 

His  Honor,  the  Mayor,  ex-officio. 
Andrew  Laugdon.       John  Guenther. 
William  S.  Wicks.       Louis  Zittel. 

Norman  W.  Ransom. 

Terms  expire  May  1,  1900. 

Richard  Hammond.    Charles  R.  Huntley. 
John  Hughes.  Nathan  Wolff. 

Robert  M.  Harding. 
Terms  expire  May  1,  1902. 

Bronson  C.  Rumsey.  Britain  Holmes. 
David  F.  Day.  William  Hengerer. 

Ottomar  Reinecke. 
Term  expires  May  1,  1898. 

OFFICERS. 

William  Hengerer,  President. 

Secretary  and  Treasurer. 

George  H.  Selkirk $l  ,sno 

Superintendent. 

William    McMillan 3,000 


THE   MOST  CENTRAL  SHIPPING  POINT  IN  THE  COUNTRY. 


BUFFALO  HAS  A  PROVEN   POPULATION  OF  389,138. 


CITY   OF  BUFFALO.  253 


Auditor  and  Paymaster. 

J.  L.  Brothers $1,500 

Botanical  Director. 

John  F.  Cowell 1,600 


STANDING  COfiniTTEES  OF  THE  BOARD 
OF  PARK  COfiniSSIONERS. 


EXECUTIVE  COMMITTEE. 

William  Hengerer,  Chairman. 
John  Hughes.  Britain  Holmes. 

Andrew  Langdon.  David  F.  Day. 

Robert  M.  Harding. 

COMMITTEE  ON  GROUNDS  AND  ROADS. 

Andrew  Langdon.  John  Hughes. 

Bronson  C.  Ruinsey.       David  F.  Day. 
Ottoinar  Reinecke. 

COMMITTEE  ON  BUILDINGS. 

Britain  Holmes.  Norman  W.  Ransom. 

William  S.  Wicks.  John  Guenther. 

Richard  Hammond. 

AUDITING  COMMITTEE. 

John  Hughes.  Andrew  Langdon. 

Nathan  Wolff.  John  Guenther. 

Charles  R.  Huntley. 

THE  MOST  CENTRAL  SHIPPING  POINT  IN  THE  COUNTRY. 


BUFFALO,  THE  FOURTH  COMMERCIAL  CITY  IN  THE  WORLD. 
254  COMMON  COUNCIL  MANUAL. 

COnniTTEE    ON     BOTANICAL    AND    ZOOLOGICAL 
COLLECTIONS. 

David  F.  Day.  Robert  M.  Harding. 

Ottomar  Reiuecke.  Nathan  Wolff. 

Norman  W.  Ransom. 

COMMITTEE  ON  MUSIC. 

Robert  M.  Harding.         William  S.  Wicks. 
Louis  Zittel. 


COMiYIISSIONERS  OF  JURORS. 


Willis  H.  Meads,  Commissioner. 

Henry  H.  Seymour,  Dep.    Commissioner. 


CITY  AND  COUNTY  HALL 
DEPARTHENT. 


Trustees. 

Lyman  M.  Baker,  Chairman. 
Henry  BreihviesiT.     P.  R.  Whaley. 
John  G.  Milburn.        Robert  B.  Foote. 
Henry  Y.  Bisgood. 

Secretary. 

( Jarl  T.  Chester $G00 


THE   MOST   CENTRAL  SHIPPING  POINT   IN  THE  COUNTRY. 


BUFFALO  HAS  A  PROVEN  POPULATION  OF  889,138. 
CITY  OP  BUFFALO.  255 

Superintendent. 

W.  F.  Fisher,  per  year $2,000 

Three  Janitors  and  Floormen,  each, 

per  month 60 

One   extra  Janitor  and  Floorman, 

per  month 55 

Three  laborers,  each,  per  month.  . .        50 

Engineers. 

James  M.  Rowley,  per  year 1,400 

One  Assistant,  per  year 1,000 

Two,  Firemen,  each,  per  month ....  55 

One  Watchman,  per  month 65 

Twenty-two  Charwomen,  each,  per 

day 1 

Two  Elevator  Conductors,  each,  per 

month  36 

One  Cabinet  Repairer,  per  month. .  75 


GRADE  CROSSING  COnniSSlON. 


R.  B.  Adam,  Chairman.  W.  J.  Morgan. 

F.  Kendall.  A.  F.   Scheu. 

E.  H.  Butler.  C.  A.  Sweet. 

George  Sandrock.  James  Ryan. 

H.  D.  Kirkover.  J.  B.  Weber. 

THE  CHEAPEST   POWER  IN  THE  WORLD  IS  AT  BUFFALO. 


BUFFALO,  THE  FOURTH  COMMERCIAL  CITY  IN  THE  WORLD. 
256  COMMON  COUNCIL  MANUAL. 

CIVIL    SERVICE   COMMISSION    OF    THE 
CITY  OF  BUFFALO. 


Charles  B.  Wheeler,  Chairman. 

William  B.  Dickinson,  Secretary. 

Florence  M.  Cowan,  Stenographer. 
Commissioners. 

Eugene  S.  Simpson. 
Chauncey  P.  Smith. 
Chas.  Mosier. 
P.  W.  Van  Peyma,  M.D. 
John  Coleman. 
Fred  D.  Lewis,  M.D. 
William  F.  Strasmer. 
Charles  B.  Wheeler. 
George  A.  Ricker. 
Joseph  B.  Mayer. 
John  B.  Olmstead. 
Henry  W.  Sprague. 
Henry  C.  Bnswell,  M.D. 
George  C.  Fox. 
W.  D.  Young,  M.D. 


Number  of  School  Teachers  on  pay 

roll 1,122 

Number  of  Pupils  registered  at  be= 
ginning  of  school  year,  Septem- 
ber, 1896 52,157 

THE   MOST  CENTRAL  SHIPPING  POINT   IN  THE  COUNTRY. 


BUFFALO   HAS   A  PROVEN   POPULATION   OF  889,138. 

CITY  OP  BUFFALO.  257 

CITY     OFFICIALS    GIVING    BONDS     AND 
THE  AMOUNTS  THEREOF. 


Comptroller $100,000 

Deputy    Comptroller 50,000 

Auditor 5,000 

Tax  Sale  Clerks,  each 5,000 

Treasurer  200,000 

Deputy  Treasurer 40,000 

Receiving  Teller 20,000 

Paying  Tellers,  Treasurer's  office, each  20,000 

Assessors,  each 5,000 

Corporation  Counsel 5,000 

Attorney 3,000 

City  Clerk 5,000 

Police  Commissioners,  each 5,000 

Superintendent  of  Police 5,000 

Assistant  Superintendent  of  Police. .  .  2,500 

Clerk  of  Police 5,000 

Sealer  of  Weights  and  Measures 5,000 

Assistant    Sealers    of    Weights     and 

Measures,    each 5,000 

Health  Commissioner 5,000 

Commissioners  of  Public  Works,  each  10,000 

Cashier,  Department  of  Public  Works  10,000 

Superintendent  of  Streets 5,000 

Superintendent  of  Building 5,000 

THE  CHEAPEST   POWER  IN  THE  WORLD  IS  AT  BUFFALO. 


BUFFALO,  THE  FOURTH  COMMERCIAL  CITY  IN  THE  WORLD. 
258  COMMON  COUNCIL  MANUAL. 

Water  Superintendent $10,000 

Secretary   and   Treasurer  Park  Com- 
missioners    10,000 

Superintendent   of  Education 5,000 

Overseer  of  the  Poor 5,000 

Deputy  Overseer  of  the  Poor 2,500 

Police  Justice 3,000 

Justices  of  the  Peace,  each 2,000 

Clerk  of  the   Markets 10,000 

Assistants  at  Markets,  each 2,000 

Harbor  Master 1 ,000 

Inspector  of  Steam  Boilers 5,000 

Examiner  of  Stationary  Engineers. .  .  5,000 


THE   MOST  CENTRAL  SHIPPING  POINT  IN  THE  COUNTRY. 


BUFFALO   HAS  A   PROVEN   POPULATION   OF  389,138. 


CITY  OF  BUFFALO. 


CITY  MEMBERS  OF  THE  BOARD  OF 
SUPERVISORS. 

Terms  Expire  January  1,  1898. 

Ward      i R John  A.  Smith 

2 D William  H.  Ryan 

3 R Robert  Gilkinson 

4 D John  J.  Collins 

5 D Thomas  Scully 

6 R Frank  Klipfel 

7 R  ...  Charles  E.  Dennstedt 

8 R Lonis  G.  Roedel 

9 D George  Hendler 

io R  . .  William  Darmstadter 

ii D Jacob  Okoniewski 

12 R John  Heintz 

13 R Martin  Hasselbeck 

14 R Louis  C.  Dedo 

15 R George  F.  Aberth 

16 R Philip  Erbes 

17 R George  Ruel 

18 R Louis   Zumstein 

19 D James  D.  Wilson 

20 R John  Fisher 

21 R Charles  Lanker 

22 R George  F.  Young 

23 R Neil  McEachren 

24 R Thomas  Tilson 

25 R Charles  P.  Brandel 

THE  CHEAPEST  POWER  IN  THE  WORLD  IS  AT  BUFFALO. 


BUFFALO,  THE  FOURTH  COMMERCIAL  CITY  IN  THE  WORLD. 


260  COMMON  COUNCIL  MANUAL. 


THE  POLICE  CENSUS. 


Taken  by  Precincts,  by  Patrolmen,  after  the  Spring 

Exodus,  in  Three   Days,  and   Reported   to  the 

Common  Council  May  6,  1895,  Gave 

Buffalo  a  Population  of 

335.709. 


The  result  of  the  enumeration  by  precincts 

is  as  follows : 

Precinct  No.  1,  inhabitants 20,587 

"2,          "           23,192 

"3,          "           25,975 

"     4,          "           36,238 

"5,          "           28,307 

"6,          •«           31,478 

"7,          "           19,203 

"     8,          "           63,654 

"9,          "           9,761 

"10,          "           23,362 

"    ii,          "           12,666 

"12,          "           29,633 

"13,          "           11,653 

Total 335,709 

Estimated  number  non -enumerated, 
because  always  absent  from  the 
city  on  Lake,  Canal. Railway  Con- 
tract and  other  work  between  May 
1st  and  October  1st,  families! 
moving    into    the   country  for  the 

Slimmer,  and  others                          .  .  20,000 

Accretion  1895  to  1896    estimated       .  .  20,000 

Grand  Total 375,709 


THE   MOST  CENTRAL  SHIPPING  POINT   IN  THE  COUNTRY. 


BUFFALO   HAS   A   PROVEN    POPULATION   OF  889,138. 


CITY  OF  BUFFALO.  261 


THE  EXCISE  COMMISSION. 


APPOINTED  UNDER  CHAPTER  112  OF  THE  LAWS 
OF  1896,  KNOWN  AS  THE  RAINES  LAW. 

1.  Daniel    O'Grady,    Special   Deputy 

Coniissioner   of   Excise  for  Erie 
Comity $2,000 

2.  Maurice  F.Liudquist,  Confidential 

Clerk 1,500 

3.  Fred.     O.     Murray,   Cashier 1,900 

4.  Andrew      T.      Kurtz,        Assistant 

Cashier 1, 500 

5.  James  F.  Loftus,  Auditor 1,300 

6.  George  A.  Woodward,  Stenographer  1,200 

7.  Josiah  S.  McLaughlin,  Bookkeeper  1,200 

8.  George  E.  Gaige 1,200 


Specials  Agents. 

9.    Jacob  Pfauner 1,200 

10.    Robert  W.  Larkin 1,200 


THE  CHEAPEST  POWER  IN  THE  WORLD  IS  AT  BUFFALO. 


BUFFALO,  THE  FOURTH  COMMERCIAL  CITY  IN  THE  WORLD. 


262  COMMON   COUNCIL  MANUAL. 


COUNTY   OFFICIALS. 


Terms  of  Office  of  Various  Elective  Positions  in  the 
City  Government. 

County  Judge 6  years. 

Surrogate 6  " 

♦Sheriff 3  " 

♦Coroner 3  " 

*County  Clerk 3  " 

*County  Treasurer 3  " 

♦District  Attorney 3  " 

♦Superintendent  of  Poor 3  " 

County  Auditor 4  " 

Keeper  of  the  Penitentiary 3  " 

♦Alms  House  Keeper 3  " 

♦Supreme  Court  Judge 14  " 

The  offices  marked  above  by  a  star  are  those 
for  which  incumbents  will  be  selected  at  the 
election  of  1897,  successful  candidates  taking 
their  offices  on  January  1st,  1898. 


THE  MOST  CENTRAL  SHIPPING  POINT   IN  THE  COUNTRY. 


BUFFALO   HAS   A   PROVEN   POPULATION   OF  389,138. 


CITY  OF  BUFFALO.  263 


CONSTABLES. 


First  Ward John  Conway 

Second  Ward James  Kane 

Third  Ward William  H.  Griven 

Fourth  Ward Frank  J.  Pinker 

Fifth  Ward James  Moran 

Sixth  Ward Gurdon  I.  Ingersoll 

Seventh  Ward Marcus  Cohen 

Eighth  Ward Frederick  Yerstraaten 

Ninth  Ward Herman  Geissler 

Tenth  Ward William  Krangel 

Eleventh  Ward Lawrence  T.  Jamieson 

Twelfth  Ward George  Scheter 

Thirteenth  Ward John  M.  Strabel 

Fourteenth  Ward Hemy  J.  Schwendler 

Fifteenth  Ward W.  A.  Wilson 

Sixteenth  Ward Charles  H.  Handwerk 

Seventeenth  Ward Josiah  Woodward 

Eighteenth  Ward Charles  T.  Linke 

Nineteenth  Ward James  Southard 

Twentieth  Ward Carl  Anderson 

Twenty-first  Ward Lorenzo  Kent 

Twenty-second  Ward William  H.  Craig 

Twenty-third  Ward Robert  H.  Anderson 

Twenty -fourth  Ward Robert  A.  Locke 

Twenty-fifth  Ward George  D.  Feagles 

THE  CHEAPEST   POWER  IN   THE  WORLD  IS  AT  BUFFALO. 


BUFFALO,  THE  FOURTH  COMMERCIAL  CITY  IN  THE  WORLD. 


264  COMMON  COUNCIL  MANUAL. 


LOCATION  OF  POLICE  STATION  HOUSES 
AND  BOUNDARIES  OF  PRECINCTS. 


No.  i — Comer  Franklin  and  Seneca  streets. 

Boundary. — South  Michigan  and  Michigan 
street  to  Eagle,  to  Niagara,  to  Virginia,  to 
the  intersection  of  the  south-westerly  con- 
tinuation of  Virginia  street  and  the  westerly 
line  of  the  State  of  New  York,  thence  south- 
easterly along  said  line  to  its  intersection  with 
a  continuation  of  the  southerly  line  of  South 
Michigan  street. 

No   2 — 403  Seneca  street. 

Boundary. — Michigan  street  from  Hamburg 
Canal  to  Clinton  street,  to  Fillmore  avenue, 
to  Smith,  to  Perry,  to  Hamburgh,  to  Ham- 
burgh Canal,  to  Michigan  street. 

No.  3 — 125  Pearl   street. 

Boundary. — Niagara  street  from  Eagle  to 
Virginia,  to  Elmwood,  to  North,  to  .Michigan, 
to  Eagle,  to  Niagara  street. 

No.  4 — Corner  Sycamore  and  Ash  Btreets. 

Boundary. — Michigan  street,  from  Clinton 
to  North,  to  Jefferson,  to  Clinton,  to  Michigan 
street. 

THE  CHEAPEST   POWER  IN  THE  WORLD  IS  AT  BUFFALO. 


BUFFALO  HAS  A  PROVEN   POPULATION  OF  389,138. 

CITY  OF  BUFFALO.  265 

No.  5 — Corner  Emily  and  Delavan  avenue. 

Boundary. — Elmwood  avenue  from  Utica 
street  to  Forest  avenue,  to  Delaware,  to  centre 
line  of  Park  Lake,  along  the  centre  line  of 
Park  Lake  and  Scajaquada  Creek  and  the 
westerly  continuation  thereof  to  its  intersec- 
tion with  the  westerly  line  of  the  State  of 
New  York,  along  said  State  Line  to  its  inter- 
section with  the  westerly  continuation  of  the 
centre  line  of  Massachusetts  street,  along  said 
line  and  Massachusetts  street  to  Forest  avenue 
to  Rhode  Island  street,  to  Utica  to  Elmwood 
avenue. 

No.  6 — 1444  Main  street. 

Boundary. — North  street  from  Elmwood 
to  Jefferson  street,  to  Best,  to  Roehrer,  to 
Ferry,  to  Humboldt  Parkway,  to  East  Delavan, 
to  City  Line,  to  Delaware,  to  Forest,  to  Elm- 
wood, to  North. 

No.  7 — 355  Louisiana  street. 

Boundary.— Michigan  and  South  Michigan 
streets  to  the  Hamburgh  Canal,  to  Hamburgh, 
to  Perry,  to  Smith,  to  Buffalo  Creek,  to  L.  S. 
&  M.  S.  R.  R.  tracks,  to  City  Line,  along  said 
City  Line  and  westerly  extension  thereof  to 
its  intersection  with  the  south-westerly  line 
of  the  State  of  New  York,  along  said  State 

THE  CHEAPEST  POWER  IN  THE  WORLD  IS  AT  BUFFALO. 


BUFFALO,  THE  FOURTH  COMMERCIAL  CITY  IN  THE  WORLD. 


266  COMMON  COUNCIL  MANUAL. 


Line  to  its  intersection  with  the  southerly 
extension  of  the  centre  line  of  South  Michigan 
street. 

No.   8—484  William  street. 

Boundary. — Clinton  street  from  Jefferson  to 
Babcock,  to  William,  tinner  northerly  to  the 
"Y, "  following  the  "Y"  and  the  Belt  Line 
tracks  to  Sycamore,  to  Jefferson,  to  Clinton 
street, 

No.  9  — Corner  Seneca  and  Babcock  streets. 

Boundary. — Clinton  street  from  the  City 
Line  to  Fillmore  avenue,  to  Smith,  to  Buffalo 
River,  to  L.  S.  &  M.  S.  R.  R.  tracks,  to  City 
Liue,  to  Clinton  street. 

No.    io — 566  Niagara  street. 

Boundary. — Virginia  from  River  Front  to 
Elmwood,  to  Utica,  to  Rhode  Island,  to  Front, 
to  Massachusetts,  to  the  westerly  line  of  the 
State  of  New  York,  along  said  line  to  its  in- 
tersection with  a  continuation  of  the  westerly 
line  of  Virginia  street, 

No.  n — Corner  Broadway  and  Bailey  ave- 
nue. 

Boundary. — Clinton  street  City  Line,  to 
Babcock,  to  William,  north  to  the"Y, "  along 

THE   MOST   CENTRAL  SHIPPING  POINT   IN  THE  COUNTRY. 


BUFFALO   HAS  A   PROVEN   POPULATION   OF  389,138. 
CITY   OF  BUFFALO.  267 

the    "Y"    and    Belt    Line    to    Sycamore,    to 
Walden,  to  City  Line,  to  Clinton  street. 

No.   12—1186  Genesee  street. 

Boundary. — Walden  avenue  frorn  City  Line 
to  Sycamore,  to  Jefferson,  to  Best,  to  Roehrer, 
to  Ferry,  to  Humboldt  Parkway,  to  East 
Delavan,  to  City  Line,  to  Walden  avenue. 

No.   13 — Comer  Austin  and  Joslyn  streets. 

Boundary. — Delaware  avenue  from  the  City 
Line  to  center  line  of  Park  Lake  and  Scaja- 
quada  Creek,  to  westerly  line  of  State  of  New 
York,  to  westerly  continuation  of  City  Line, 
along  City  Line,  to  Delaware  avenue. 


THE  CHEAPEST   POWER  IN  THE  WORLD  IS  AT  BUFFALO. 


BUFFALO,  THE  FOURTH  COMMERCIAL  CITY  IN  THE  WORLD. 


2G8  COMMON  COUNCIL  MANUAL. 


WARD  BOUNDARIES. 


1st  Ward. — Bounded  by  Exchange,  Louisi- 
ana streets,  Center  line  of  Louisiana  street 
extended,  Lake  Erie,  Buffalo  River  and  Main 

street, 

2d  Ward. — Bounded  by  Exchange,  Red 
Jacket,  Elk  streets,  Indian  Reservation  Line 
Buffalo  River  and  Louisiana  street. 

3d  Ward.— Bounded  by  Eagle,  Cedar, 
Swan,  Spring  streets,  Myrtle  avenue,  Jeffer- 
son, Exchange  and  Main  streets. 

4th  Ward.— Bounded  by  Eagle  street,  Fill- 
more avenue,  Seneca  street,  Indian  Reserva- 
tion Line,  Elk,  Red  Jacket,  Exchange,  Jeffer- 
son street,  Myrtle  avenue,  Spring,  Swan  and 
Cedar  streets. 

5th  Ward.— Bounded  by  Buffalo  River, 
Indian  Reservation  Line,  Seneca  street,  Fill- 
more Parkway,  Clinton  street,  East  City 
Line,  South  City  Line, Lake  Erie  and  Louisi- 
ana street  extended. 

6th  Ward.— Bounded  by  Goodell,  Michi- 
gan, Eagle  and  Main  streets. 

THE   MOST  CENTRAL  SHIPPING  POINT   IN  THE  COUNTRY. 


BUFFALO   HAS   A   PROVEN    POPULATION   OF  389,138. 
CITY  OF  BUFFALO.  269 

7th  Ward. — Bounded  by  Broadway,  Pratt, 
Eagle  and  Michigan  streets. 

8th  Ward. — Bounded  by  Broadway,  Adams, 
Eagle  and  Pratt  streets. 

9th  Ward. — Bounded  by  Broadway,  Fill- 
more Parkway,  William  and   Adams   streets. 

ioth  Ward. — Bounded  by  William  street, 
Fillmore  avenue,  Eagle  and  Adams  streets. 

nth  Ward.— Bounded  by  Broadway,  City 
Line,  Clinton  street  and  Fillmore  avenue. 

1 2th  Ward. — Bounded  by  Genesee  and 
Mortimer   streets,    Broadway   and  Michigan 

streets. 

13th  Ward, — Bounded  by  Genesee,  Sher- 
man, Broadway  and  Mortimer  streets. 

14th  Ward. — Bounded  by  Sherman,  Genesee 
streets,  Walden  avenue, City  Line,  and  Broad- 
way. 

15th  Ward.— Bounded  by  North,  Mulberry, 
Goodell,  Cherry,  Hickory,  Genesee,  Michi- 
gan, Goodell  and  Main  streets. 

1 6th  Ward.— Bounded  by  North,  Jefferson, 
Genesee,  Hickory,  Cherry,  Goodell  and  Mul- 
berry streets. 

THE  CHEAPEST  POWEB  IN  THE  WORLD  IS  AT  BUFFALO. 


BUFFALO,  THE  FOURTH  COMMERCIAL  CiTY  IN  THE  WORLD 


270  COMMON   COUNCIL   MANUAL. 


17th  Ward. — Bounded  by  Delavan  avenue, 
Jefferson,  North  and  Main  streets. 

1 8th  Ward. — Bounded  by  Delavan  avenue, 
City  Line,  Walden  avenue,  G-enesee  and 
Jefferson  streets. 

19th  Ward. — Bounded  by  Porter  and  Front 
avenues,  Court  street,  Terrace  (east),  Frank- 
lin street,  Terrace,  Main  street,  Buffalo  River 
and  Lake  Erie. 

20th  Ward. — Bounded  by  Porter  and  Pros- 
pect avenues,  Huron  and  Main  streets, Terrace, 
Franklin  street,  Terrace  (east),  Court  street, 
and  Front  avenue. 

21st  Ward — Bounded  by  Hudson,  Wads- 
worth  streets,  the  Circle,  North,  Main. 
Huron  streets  and  Prospect  avenue. 

22d  Ward. — Bounded  by  Bird  avenue, 
Grant,  Hampshire,  Sixteenth  streets,  Massa- 
chusetts, Fargo,  Porter  avenues  and  Niagara 
River. 

23d  Ward.— Bounded  by  Massachusetts 
avenue,  the  Circle,  Richmond  avenue,  the  Cir- 
cle, Wadsworth  and  BudsoD  Btreets,  Prospect, 

Porter  and  Fargo  avenues. 


THE   MOST  CENTRAL  SHIPPING  POINT   IN  THE  COUNTRY. 


BUFFALO  HAS  A  PROVEN   POPULATION  OF  389,138. 
CITY   OF  BUFFALO.  271 

24  th  Ward.— Bounded  by  Scajaquada 
Creek,  Main  and  North  streets,  the  Circle, 
Richmond  avenue,  the  Circle,  Massachusetts 
avenue,  Sixteenth,  Hampshire  and  Grant 
streets,  Bird  avenue,  Black  Rock  Harbor,  in- 
cluding Squaw  Island. 

25th  Ward. — Bounded  by  Delavan  aveime, 
Main  street,  Scajaquada  Creek,  Black  Rock 
Harbor,  Niagara  River,  City  Line,  Town  Line 
Road  and  City  Line,  including  Strawberry 
Island. 


*m 


THE  CHEAPEST  POWER  IN  THE  WORLD  IS  AT  BUFFALO. 


BUFFALO,  THE  FOURTH  COMMERCIAL  CITY  IN  THE  WORLD. 


272  COMMON  COUNCIL  MANUAL. 


TAXABLE  VALUATION  BY  WARDS. 


Ward    i $18, ««;.-,,  is.j 

2 3,838,165 

3 18,004,660 

4 4,815,746 

5 11,795,335 

6 13,028,815 

7 8,419,180 

8 8,220,290 

9 2,860,920 

io 2,684,300 

ii 9,301,060 

12 2,405,915 

13 2,197,820 

14 0,607,235 

15 4,760,035 

16 2,094,550 

17 6,997,896 

18 11,804,795 

19 L0,322,325 

20 22,460,086 

21 17,712,026 

22 8,456,  L26 

23 7,840,800 

24 27,051,720 

25 18,327,866 

Total $239. 172,345 

THE   MOST  CENTRAL  SHIPPING  POINT   IN  THE  COUNTRY. 


BUFFALO   HAS   A   PROVEN   POPULATION   OF  389,138. 


CITY  OF  BUFFALO.  273 


TOTAL  VOTE  BY  WARDS. 


Predicated  on  vote  cast  for  Governor,  Nov. 
3d,  1896. 

Ward      i 1,359 

2 1,901 

3 2,622 

4 2,299 

5 2,773 

6 1,758 

7 2,033 

8 1,961 

9 2,260 

io 1,507 

II 3,565 

12 1,657 

13 1,804 

14 3,490 

15 1,962 

16 1,717 

17 3,546 

18 4,228 

19 2,074 

20 2,138 

21 2,962 

22 3,035 

23 2,800 

24 4,202 

25 3,007 

Total 62,660 


THE  CHEAPEST   POWER  IN  THE  WORLD  IS  AT  BUFFALO. 


BUFFALO,  THE  FOURTH  COMMERCIAL  CITY  IN  THE  WORLD. 


274 


COMMON   COUNCIL  MANUAL. 


VOTERS  BY  WARDS. 


Registration  of  electors  in  the  city  of  Buf- 
falo, year  1891  to  1896,  inclusive. 


Ward 

1891 

1892 

1*93 

1894 

1895 

1896 

1 

1671 

1678 

2525 

1715 

1567 

1565 

2 

1810 

2010 

1830 

2074 

1867 

2039 

3 

2687 

3174 

2764 

3030 

2386 

2873 

4 

2143 

2472 

2190 

2426 

2159 

2448 

5 

1863 

2262 

2187 

2610 

2370 

2944 

6 

1881 

2044 

1869 

1938 

1665 

1900 

7 

1978 

2177 

2056 

2141 

1984 

2157 

8 

1795 

1971 

1868 

1997 

1864 

2053 

9 

1894 

2210 

2105 

2291 

2105 

2349 

10 

1314 

1430 

1452 

1575 

1403 

1479 

11 

2043 

2751 

2718 

3230 

2917 

3590 

12 

1602 

1742 

1693 

1725 

1665 

1748 

13 

1635 

1827 

1674 

1826 

1610 

1883 

14 

1888 

2660 

2622 

3168 

2965 

3666 

15 

1823 

2027 

1910 

1961 

1896 

2053 

16 

1551 

1715 

1622 

1752 

1632 

1798 

17 

2323 

2889 

2904 

3215 

3149 

3703 

18 

2439 

3213 

3215 

3759 

3659 

4452 

19 

2144 

2450 

2317 

2577 

2084 

2188 

20 

2047 

2279 

2096 

2304 

1965 

2249 

21 

2651 

2833 

2788 

2903 

2646 

3090 

22 

2230 

2643 

2652 

2859 

2746 

3316 

23 

2318 

2610 

2557 

2730 

2527 

2882 

24 

2497 

2950 

3143 

3561 

3525 

4368 

25 

2042 

2481 

2539 

2904 

2658 

8169 

50273 

58498 

57296 

62271 

57014 

65962 

THE   MOST  CENTRAL  SHIPPING  POINT  IN  THE  COUNTRY. 


BUFFALO  HAS   A  PROVEN   POPULATION   OF  389,138. 


CITY  OF  BUFFALO.                           275 

APPOINTIVE  OFFICERS   AND  TERHS  OF 
OFFICE. 

Office. 

By  Whom 
Appointed. 

Term  of  Office. 

Corns  of  Pub.  Wks  (2) 
Chief  Engineer 

Water  Supt 

Supt.  of  Building.     . . 
City  Clerk    

Comrs.  of  Pub 
Works. 

Com.  Council.. 

During  pleasure  of 

Board, 
ii 

ii 
1  year. 

Fire  Comrs.  (3) 

Clerk  of  Markets 

Asst.  Clerk  of  Markets 
Police  Comrs.  (2). 
Sealer  of  Weights  and 
Measures. 

6  years. 

During  pleasure  of 
Mayor. 

6  years. 

1  year. 

2  years. 

Board  of  Police 

Oil  Inspector 

Examr,  of  Stationary 

Engineers. 
Inspector    of    Steam 

Boilers. 

Exam,  and  Super.  Bd. 

of    Plumbers     and 

Plumbing. 
Auditor 

During     term     of 
Mayor     appoint- 
ing him. 

Comptroller. . . . 

is  appointed. 
3      years,      unless 

sooner    removed 

for  cause. 
3  years.    See  Chap. 

602,  Laws  of  1892. 

By  and  with  the  ad- 
vice and  consent 
of  Com.  Council. 

5  years. 

5  years. 

School  Examiners  (5) 

Bridge  Tenders 

Keeper     of     Howard 

Cemetery. 
Kpr.  Bath.  Houses  (4) 

ParkComrs.  (15) 

Pound  Keeper 

Civil  Ser.  Comrs.  (15) 

City  and  County  Hall 

Trustees  (6). 
Comr.  of  Jurors. 

ii 

ii 

During  pleasure  of 
Mayor. 

„ 

"     

6  years. 

During  pleasure  of 

Mayor. 
6  years. 

3  years. 

Appel.   Div.  of 
Sup.  Court. 

Judges  of  Sup. 
and  Co.  Court 

THE  CHEAPEST  POWER  IN  THE  WORLD  IS  AT  BUFFALO. 
10 


BUFFALO,  THE  FOURTH  COMMERCIAL  CITY  IN  THE  WORLD. 
276  COMMON  COUNCIL  MANUAL. 

THE  LOW  TAX  RATE  OF  1897. 

Property  Owners  of  the  City  of  Buffalo,  with  Added 

Advantages,  Pay  Less  Taxes  than  in  Years 

Preceding. 

The  following  figures,  given  out  by  the 
Assessors  early  in  May,  show  that  the  tax 
rate  of  1897  will  be  $14. 1788  per  thousand 
dollars  of  valuation,  as  against  $15.0160  per 
thousand  in  1896,  and  $15.3956  in  1895,  show- 
ing a  steady  ratio  of  decrease  of  the  burden 
of  taxation  upon  holders  of  real  estate. 

The    following   tabulated   statement   shows 
the  growth  in  property  valuation  for  ten  years 
and  the  tax  rate  for  each  year  of  the  decade : 
Year.  Increase  of  Valuation.  Tax-rate. 

1888 14,439,350  $143638 

1889 24,433, 135  14. 14646 

1890 4,855,610  1468217 

1891 17,598,070  15.814837 

1892 17,127,320  15.169182 

1893 25,488, 106  16.843121 

1894 7, 553, 520  15. 332054 

1895 4,524,995  15.896 

1896 4,320,945  15.016059 

1897  8,415,930  14. 178799 

This,  without  the  lamp  tax,  which  this  year 
adds  .  7473  per  thousand,  making  the  total 
rate  of  general  taxation  $1492  per  thousand. 

The  amount  to  be  raised  by  taxation  this 
year  is  $3,507,668.6:. 


THE  CHEAPEST   POWER  IN   THE  WORLD  IS  AT  BUFFALO. 


BUFFALO  HAS  A  PROVEN   POPULATION  OF  889,138. 


CITY  OF  BUFFALO.  277 


TURNING  AWAY  CONVENTIONS. 


Buffalo  Has  More  Prospective  Guests  Than  She  Can 
Accommodate  in  1897. 


A  glance  at  the  chapter  on  ' '  Conventions  Past 
and  Present"  will  reveal  an  apparent  falling 
off  in  the  number  of  organizations  which  are 
scheduled  to  meet  in  Buffalo  during  the  pres- 
ent year,  but  there  is  an  excellent  reason  for 
this,  which  is,  that  the  Mayor  has  been  com- 
pelled in  many  instances  to  decline  the  honor 
for  the  city  of  entertaining  all  those  who  have 
desired  to  hold  their  annnal  meetings  in 
Buffalo.  Already  arrangements  have  been 
made  for  the  accommodation  of  enough  great 
conclaves  of  fraternal  and  other  organizations 
to  make  every  week  during  July  and  August 
convention  week  this  summer. 

Buffalo  has  the  coolest  summer  climate  of 
any  city  in  the  country,  as  will  be  found 
proven  in  a  table  of  comparative  weather 
statistics,  officially  vouched  for,  on  another 
page. 


THE   MOST  CENTRAL  SHIPPING  POINT  IN  THE  COUNTRY. 


INDEX.  279 


INDEX. 


A 

PAGE. 

Acreage  of  City 60 

Aldermen,  Board  of 99 

Aldermen,  Board  of,  order  of  business  107 

Ancient  History  of  Buffalo 7 

Appointive  officers  and  terms  of  office  275 
Armory,  74th  Regiment,  and  cut    of 

building 66>£,  67 

Asphalt  pavements,  by  whom  laid.  .  .  69 

Asphalt,  a  chapter  on 129 

Asphalt  pavements,  number  of  miles 

laid 62 

Assembly  Districts  and  Members ....  203 

Assessment,  Department  of 211,  238 

Auditor 219 

B 

Bath-house  Keepers 251 

Births  during  1896 94 

Board  of  Aldermen 99,  248 

Board    of    Aldermen,    committees    of 

and  order  of  business 104,  107 

Board  of  Aldermen,  cut  of  chamber.  .  98 

Board  of  Councilmen Ill,  249 

Board  of   Councilmen,  order  of  busi- 
ness   114 


280  INDEX. 


PAGE. 

Board  of  Councilmen,  out  of  chamber  113 

Board  of  Health 210,  231 

Board  of  Plumbers 216 

Board  of  Public  Works 209 

Boat,  the  ' '  Senator' ' 69 

Boiler  Inspector 216,  250 

Bonds  (City)  command  high  prices. .    63,  189 

Bonds  of  City  Officials 257 

Boundaries  of  School  Districts  (now 

59  districts) 138 

Boundaries  of  Wards 268 

Bridge  Tenders 251 

Buffalo    Historical    Society,    cut    of 

building 40 

Buffalo  of  To-day— 

A  noble  new  public  building 42 

A  Teachers'  Union 38 

Banking  Capital  largely  increased  29 

Careful  control  of  public  money.  .  33 

Four-million-dollar  breakwater  .  .  23 

Free  school  books 37 

Grade  crossings  abolished 45 

Liberal  public  policy 30 

Manual  training  and  sewing 35 

Natural  gas  for  fuel 30 

Other  Buffalo  libraries 50 

Police  and  Fire 56 

Practical  results  accomplished  ...  47 

Rapid  inter-urban  transit 16 

Teaching  the  young  idea :'4 

The  cheapest  power  on  earth 58 

The  City  Government 31 


INDEX.  281 


Buffalo  of  To-day— 

The  greatest  grain  port 53 

The  greatest  railroad  center 15 

The  largest  office  building  in  the 

world 25 

The  lesson  of  the  past 57 

The  mighty  voice  of  labor 26 

The  new  City  Hall  as  proposed  . .  43 

The  new  Free  Library 48 

The  new  office  buildings 56 

The  Public  Historical  Society  and 

cut  of  building 40,  41 

The  teachers'  retirement  fund  ...  51 

The  School  of  Pedagogy 54 

To  Niagara  Falls  by  trolley 19 

Wage-workers  own  their  homes. .  27 

We  and  our  neighbors 28 

Women  in  public  instruction  ....  52 

Working  for  Uncle  Sam 21 

United    States   Post  Office  testi- 
mony   53 

Unlimited  water  supply 55 

Buffalo  in  Brief : 

Acreage 60 

A    study     in     comparison     with 

Chicago 166 

An  electric  city 167 

An  ideal  convention  city 153 

Assessed  valuation  of  property ...  66 

Best  paved  city  in  the  world  ....  129 

Bicycler's  paradise 194 

Bonds  command  the  highest  prices  63,  189 


282  INDEX. 


PAGE. 

Buffalo  in  Brief : 

Central  to  everywhere 183 

Climate 63,  67,  164 

Club  life  of 186 

Fourth    commercial    city    in   the 

world 60 

Healthiest  city  in  the  world 91 

Largest  city  between  New    York 

and  Chicago 60 

Largest  coal  trestle  in  the  world  .  61 

Largest  flour  depot  in  the  world  60 

Largest  horse  market  in  the  world.   60,  133 

Largest  sheep  market  in  the  world  60 
Lowest  death  rate  of  any  city  of 

its  size  in  the  world 6-1 

More  smooth  pavements  than  any 

other  city  in  the  world 62 

Population 60,  73,  88 

Position  in  the  list  of  cities 185 

Second  largest  city  in  the  Empire 

State 61 

Sinking  fund  of 60 

Square  miles 60 

Water  unlimited »>"2 

Bureau  of  Engineering 209,  333 

Bureau  of  Water 209,  336 

Bureau  of  Streets 210.  .' .  - 

Bureau  of  Building 210.  339 

Business  exchanges 196 

C 

( iensns  by  Police,  1895 800 

Charter,  framing  of 148 


INDEX.  283 


?x  -z. 


City  Clerk,  portrait 123 

City  Clerks,  since  year    1832  125 

City  Clerks  of  various  cities 127 

City  Clerk's  Department 212,  239 

City  Hall  Directory 5 

City  Officers,  bonds  of 257 

City  and  County  Hall  Department . .  .  254 

Civil  Service  Commission 256 

Climate  in  Buffalo 63,  67,  164 

Clubs,  social 186 

Coal  Trestle,  largest  in  the  world. ...  61 

Committees,  Board  of  Aldermen 104 

Common  Council 248 

Commissioner     of     Excise,      special 

deputy  and  clerks 261 

Commissioners  of  Jurors 254 

Commissioners  of  Public  Works 192,  209 

Comptroller's  Department 208,  218 

Congressional  Districts  and  Members  202 

Constables 263 

Convention  City 153,  277 

Conventions  held  in  1896 158 

Conventions  for  1897 161 

Conventions  for  1898 162 

Corporation  Counsel 208,  221 

Cut  of  Common  Council  chamber. ...    98,  113 

Councilmen,  Board  of Ill,  249 

Councilmen,  Board  of ,  order  of  business        114 
County  officials 262 


284  INDEX. 


D 

PAGE. 

Death  rate 64,   66 

Departments — 

Assessment 211,  238 

Auditor 219 

Board  of  Plumbers 216 

Public  Works 192,  209,  222 

Bureau  of  Building 210,  229 

Bureau  of  Engineering 209,  223 

Bureau  of  Streets 210,  228 

Bureau  of  Water 209,  225 

City  and  County  Hall 254 

City  Clerk 212,  239 

Comptroller 208,  218 

Examiner  of  Engineers 215,  250 

Fire 212,  240 

Health 210,  231 

Law 208,  221 

Markets 213,  249 

Mayor 208,  217 

Municipal  Court 213,  245 

Parks 252 

Police 213,  242 

Police  Court 211,  246 

Poor 211,  238 

Public  Instruction 210,  234 

School  Examiners 234 

Treasurer 208,  220 

E 

Education,  Superintendent  of 210 

Election,  votes  east  for  various  offices  198 

Elective  officers 204.  862 


INDEX.  285 


PAGE. 

Elective  officers  to  be  chosen  in  Nov. , 

1897 205 

Electric  banquet 83 

Electric  Lights,  cost  of 62 

Electric  Lights,  number  of 61 

Electric  Power 62,  77 

Electric  power  franchise 167 

Elevator,  new 70 

Examiner  of  Stationary  Engineers. .  .  215,  250 
Examining  and  Supervising  Board  of 

Plumbers  and  Plumbing 216 

Excise  Commission 261 

F 

Financial  Institutions 61 

Fire  Department 212,  240 

Flour  Depot 60 

Franchise,  electric  power 167 

G 

Gas,  cost  of 68 

Gas  Lamps,  number  of 61 

Gas,  Natural 60 

Grade  Crossing  Commission 255 

Grand  opera 66 

Grain  receipts 62 

H 

Harbor  Improvements 68 

Harbor  Master 215,  250 

Health,  Department  of 210,  231 

Healthiest  City 91 

Horse  Market 60,  133 


286  INDEX. 


PAGE. 

Hospitals,  location  of 152 

Hotels,  number  of 60,  163 

Howard  Cemetery,  Keeper  of 251 

Hubbell,  Mark  S. ,  portrait 123 

I 

Indebtedness  of  City 60 

Inspector  of  Oils 215,  250 

Inspector  of  Steam  Boilers 216,  250 

J 

Jewett,  Edgar  B. ,  portrait 13 

Jurors,  Commissioners  of 254 

Justices  of  the  Peace 214 

K 

Kissinger,  Jacob,  portrait 95 

Klinck,  Christian,  portrait 109 

L 

Law,  Department  of 208,  221 

Libraries 48,  50 

Licenses,  fees  for 87 

Licenses,  revenue  from 65 

Low  tax  rate  of  1897 276 

M 

Manufactories 60,  96 

Manual  of  1896  and  1897 9 

Markets,  self-sustaining 72 

Market,  department 213,  349 

Markets,  number  of 60 

Marriages  during  1896 94 

Mayor,  portrait 13 


INDEX.  287 


PAGE. 

Mayor's  Department 208,  217 

Mayors  of  Buffalo  from  1832 121 

Mayors  of  various  cities 127 

Municipal  Court  Department 213,  245 

Municipal  Building 230 

N 

Natural  Gas 60 

Niagara  Falls  Power  Franchise 167 

Niagara  Power 77 

O 

Officers,    Appointive    and    Terms    of 

Office 275 

Officers  to  be  elected  in  1897 205 

Officials,  bonds  of 257 

Official     Paper    (now    the    Courier- 
Record)  251 

Official  Printer 251 

Oil  Inspector 215,  250 

Overseer  of  Poor 211,  238 

P 

Pan-American  Exposition 64 

Parks 60 

Park  Department 252 

Paved  Streets 60 

Pavements,  cost  of 61 

Pavements  in  miles 62 

Paving  Streets,  proceedings  necessary  68 

Police  Court 211,  246 

Police  Department  213,  242 

Police  Station  Houses,  location  of  .  .  .  264 

Political  Information 198 


288  INDEX. 


PAGE. 

Police  Justice  211,  246 

Poor  Department 211,  233 

Population  of  Buffalo 60,  73,  88 

Port  Items 65 

Portrait,  City  Clerk 123 

Portrait,  President  Board  of  Aldermen  05 

Portrait,  President  Board  of  Counr-il- 

men 109 

Portrait,  President  Common  Council.  119 

Portrait,  Mayor 13 

Postoffice,  receipts  , 63 

Postoffice  ( new ) 70 

Pound  Keeper 251 

Public  Instruction,  Department  of . . .  210,  234 

Public  Libraries 48,  50 

Pupils  in  Schools,  number  registered .  .  256 

Public  Markets,  number  of  60 

Public  Works  Department  of 192,  209,  222 

R 

Railways,  steam 64 

Railways,  street,  percentages 61,   63 

Railway,  street,  miles  of 62 

Registration  days,  1897 206 

Revenue  from  Licenses 65 

S 

Schools 64 

Schools,  location  of 135 

Schools,  registration  at 135 

School  Districts  ( three  districts  added 

since  going  to  press) 138 

School  Teachers,  number  on  pay  roll  256 


INDEX.  289 


PAGE. 

School  Examiners 234 

Sealer  of  Weights  and  Measures 214 

Senatorial  Districts  and  Members  of.  .  202 
Seventy-fourth  Regiment  Armory  and 

cut  of  building 66^,  67 

Sheep  Market 60 

Sinking  Fund 60 

Steam  Railways 64 

Streets,  paved 60 

Streets  under  contract  to  pave  in  1897  61 

Street  Railway  percentages 61,   63 

Street  Railway,  miles  of 62 

Sun  Stroke,  one  death  from 66 

Superintendent  of  Education 210 

Supervisors,  City  members 259 

T 

Tax  Rate  for  1897 276 

Tax  Rate  from  1888  to  1897 276 

Taxable  valuation  by  "Wards 272 

Telephone  numbers  City  Offices 247 

Telephone  Rates 61 

Theaters,  number  of 60,  65 

Treasurer's  Department 208,  220 

Turning  away  Conventions 277 

V 

Vital  Statistics 91 

Votes  required  for  various   measures 

in  Common  Council 115 

Vote,  by  Wards,  November,  1896 273 

Voters,  number  registered 274 


290  INDEX. 

w 

PAGE. 

Ward  Boundaries 268 

Wards,  vote  by 273 

Water,  Department 61,  62,  209,  225 

Woltz,  Charles  P. ,  portrait 119 


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